Understanding the Distribution and Behavior of Si Isotopes in the Ocean Christina L. De La Rocha Alfred Wegener Institute.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Triple Oxygen Isotopes 11/1/10
Advertisements

The biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus in marine systems Introduction Sources of P Sinks of P Residence times P cycling within the ocean P distribution.
Marine Ecosystems and Food Webs. Carbon Cycle Marine Biota Export Production.
Dissolution of calcite in sediments -- metabolic dissolution.
1 Nitrogen Cycle Most of Nitrogen is in the atmosphere. 14 N = 99.6% 15 N = 0.4% Air is standard for  15 N Range is –20 to +20 ‰
Lecture 2 - Major Ions in Sea Water Why do we care about the major ions? What is the composition of seawater? What defines Major Ions? What are their concentrations?
OCN520 Fall 2009 Mid-Term #2 Review Since Mid-Term #1 Ocean Carbonate Distributions Ocean Acidification Stable Isotopes Radioactive Isotopes Nutrients.
Lecture 2 - Major Ions in Sea Water What is the composition of seawater? What defines Major Ions? What are their concentrations? What are their properties?
Weathering Sources in the Kaoping River Catchment, Southwestern Taiwan: Insights From Major and Trace Elements, Sr Isotopes and Rare Earth Elements C.-F.
Pakistan Earthquake – 7.6 M agnitude October 8, 2005 (8:50 p.m. local time)
Principles of Mass Balance
Cycling of Ocean Micronutrients: What do we Know and What do we Need to Know? Ed Boyle Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute.
Lecture 18 The Ocean Nitrogen Cycle Denitrification Reactions Distributions Nitrogen Fixation Reactions Distributions.
Lecture 12 Primary Production – Nutrient Stoichiometry Topics Stoichiometry Biolimiting Elements.
Proxy Measurements of Climate Change
Anthropogenic ocean warming: A stress on ocean ecosystems David W. Pierce Tim P. Barnett Climate Research Division Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Systematics: Carbon in Aquatic Plants. Food Web Dynamics Ancient [CO 2 ] aq and pCO 2 concentrations Cell Mechanisms (diffusion/assimilation) in different.
GEOLOGIC CARBON CYCLE Textbook chapter 5, 6 & 14 Global carbon cycle Long-term stability and feedback.
Chemical Aspects of GLOBEC- China Programs and Potential to GLOBEC-IMBER Study in China Jing Zhang 1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,
Open Oceans: Pelagic Ecosystems II
Reconsidérer les flux continent-océan Catherine Jeandel& Eric Oelkers (2014) CNRS, LEGOS, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse University CNRS, GET, Observatoire.
Using Heavy Isotopes in Marine Barite to Characterize Ocean Chemistry Changes Andrea M. Erhardt Stanford University University of California - Santa Cruz.
The Oceans Composition. The Oceans There are five main oceans: –Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Antarctic.
Land Ocean Coupling Coupling riverine fluxes of nutrients to a Global Biogeochemical Ocean General Circulation Model Christophe Bernard,
Inputs to shelf seas- an overview Materials are introduced into coastal and shelf seas primarily through: rivers, atmosphere, groundwaters, ice processes.
Equatorial Pacific primary productivity: Spatial and temporal variability and links to carbon cycling Pete Strutton College of Oceanic and Atmospheric.
Marine Geochemistry 2 Reference: Schulz and Zabel Marine Geochemistry Springer, New York pp. ISBN X.
RA-228 AND RA-226 FROFILES FROM THE NORTHERN SOUTH CHINA SEA Hsiu-Chuan Lin, Yu-Chia Chung and Chi-Ju Lin Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry, National.
Iron and Biogeochemical Cycles
Fig. 4. A framework configured to calculate a P budget. Shelf ( 1000 m )
EAS 4300 Guest Lecture Georgia Tech Biological Oceanography JPM Nutrient Cycles Nutrient limitation –N sources N Cycle –Budget –N 2 Fixation Links to the.
BIOSOPE CRUISE Laboratoire d’Océanographie et de Biogéochimie Campus de Luminy Marseille cedex 09 Patrick RAIMBAULT Nicole GARCIA Gerd SLAWYK Main.
Temporal and Spatial Variation of air-sea CO 2 Fluxes in the West Coast of Baja California, Mexico J. Martín Hernández-Ayón 1,Ruben Lara-Lara 2, Francisco.
GEOTRACES 40 o S Cruise Planning Meeting Oxford, 24th March 2009.
Fe, Zn, and Cd stable isotopes from the eastern tropical South Pacific from GEOTRACES cruise GP16 – Methods and data Josh Helgoe, Emily Townsend, & Seth.
GEOTRACES: The Importance of Temporal Variability Peter Sedwick Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences meridional variation on dissolved Fe in upper 100 m.
*Minagawa M, Usui T, Miura Y, Nagao S, Irino T, Kudo I, and Suzuki K, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo ,
Deep-Sea Biogenic Sediments. Calcareous Ooze Biogenic calcareous ooze composed of precipitated CaCO 3 (usually calcite, but occasionally aragonite) shells.
Iron : Chemistry, sources and sinks..  Iron is the limiting factor in the surface water of S.O.  HNLC conditions « Iron hypothesis » (Martin et al.
Marine Ecosystem Simulations in the Community Climate System Model
Deep-Sea Sediments CBGS types of sediment cover most of the deep ocean floor: Abyssal clay- covers most of the deep ocean floor, accumulates at.
ESYS 10 Introduction to Environmental Systems March 2
Interpreting the sedimentary record
Physical and Chemical characterization of the aerosol during the cruise Guieu/Losno/Bonnet/Blain/Gaudichet 1) Scientific objectives:  Determine the particles.
Nutrients & Tracers Nutrients & Tracers
Why study the marine silicon cycle?
WP 11 - Biogeochemical Impacts - Kick-off meeting Nice 10 – 13/06/2008.
Biogeochemical Controls and Feedbacks on the Ocean Primary Production
1 Oxygen Cycle: Triple Isotopes An anomalous isotopic composition of atmospheric O 2 yields a very useful means to estimate photosynthesis rates. Potentially,
Dr. Neil S. Suits. NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, The SeaWiFS Project and GeoEye, Scientific Visualization Studio SeaWiFS Ocean Biosphere: 1997 to.
Inorganic Nutrient Research CCE LTER CCE LTER Research question: What are the drivers of long-term changes in inorganic nutrient concentrations, and what.
Nutrients in sea water Introduction Distribution of Phosphorus and seasonal variation Distribution of nitrogen compounds Distribution of silicates and.
Nitrous Oxide Focus Group Nitrous Oxide Focus Group launch event Friday February 22 nd, 2008 Dr Jan Kaiser Dr Parvadha Suntharalingam The stratospheric.
Radiometric dating and sediment accumulation rates Dating principles – covered in Isotope Geochemistry (Faure) Two radiocarbon approaches: Average slopes.
P in marine sediments Overview: P Cycling in the Ocean Inputs and Outputs and Residence Time Sediment Chemistry of P Selective leach procedures & implications.
Phosphorus in marine sediments P : an abundant element in the crust: ~ 0.1% Like Nitrogen, Phosphorus is an essential nutrient There is evidence that P.
Sediment Geochemistry Split the lectures about evenly; both attend all. Work will include: - Reading papers and participating in classroom.
Biogenic opal diagenesis in sediments. Biogenic opal What is it? Amorphous silica: (~ 10% water)
Carbonate System and pH Why study the carbonate system? Why study the carbonate system? Involves carbonic acid – an example of an acid-base reaction Involves.
The preservation of opal in marine sediments Site - specific studies Summary - opal burial efficiency Si & C fluxes through the water column The marine.
Biogenic Silica in Marine Sediments Inputs and Outputs Distribution Burial Efficiency Mechanisms of dissolution & preservation.
The Role of Seamounts in Ventilating the Oceanic Crust: Geochemical Fluxes and Their Impact on Global Geochemical Budgets Geoff Wheat Geoff Wheat UAF Southern.
LU6: BEHAVIOUR OF METALS IN THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Theme 1: Biological uptake and trace element bioavailability
Life in the Ocean Pt. 2.
Christine Gammans Andrew McCauley
Iron and Biogeochemical Cycles
Deep-Sea Sediments.
Biology of mixed layer Primary production
Presentation transcript:

Understanding the Distribution and Behavior of Si Isotopes in the Ocean Christina L. De La Rocha Alfred Wegener Institute

Diatoms diatom frustule made from opal aka amorphous, hydrated silica SiO 2.nH 2 O Fragilariopsis kerguelensis 10  m photo from G. Cortese

Diatoms Matter They carry out: >75% of the new production in coastal, high nutrient environments ~ half of all marine primary production ~ 20% of all primary production occurring on Earth each year and much of the production in the Southern Ocean

The Silica Cycle in Tmol y -1 6 weathering silica production240 dissolution river input 120 dissolution 91 upwelling 115 sedimentation 29 dissolution23 net burial6-7 weathering 0.4 hydrothermal 0.5 numbers from Tréguer et al., 1995 DeMaster 2002 Elderfield and Schultz, 1996 eolian deposition 0.5

Questions Can dissolved Si (DSi) utilization by diatoms be reconstructed from Si isotopes? –What is the distribution and behavior of Si isotopes in the modern ocean and how has it been in the past? –Do sediments faithfully record an annually integrated nutrient utilization signal from surface waters?

Notation Silicon has 3 stable isotopes: 28 Si 29 Si 30 Si 92.23% 4.67 % 3.10% Silicon isotope ratio variations are expressed in permil: where R SAM and R STD are the 30 Si/ 28 Si ratio in a sample and standard, respectively.

Fractionation of Si Isotopes During Opal Biomineralization  30 Si opal -  30 Si Si(OH)4 Marine Diatoms Skeletonema costatum–1.0 ± 0.4 ‰ Thalassiosira weissflogii–1.3 ± 0.4 ‰ –1.5 ± 0.2 ‰ Thalassiosira sp.–0.9 ± 0.3 ‰ data from De La Rocha et al., 1998; Milligan et al., 2004

Rayleigh Distillation of Isotopes

 30 Si vs Depth data from De La Rocha et al., 2000; Varela et al., 2004; Cardinal et al., 2005 blues = Pacific central and coastal N Pac Antarctic (Pac Sector) Pacific subantarctic pink/purple = Atlantic BATS and coastal N Atl Atlantic subantarctic

Fractionation of Si Isotopes Field Samples- Monterey Bay from De La Rocha et al., 2000

Fractionation of Si Isotopes: Southern Ocean from Varela et al., 2004

 30 Si in Southern Ocean Sediments data from De La Rocha et al., 1998 Brzezinski et al., 2002

Regional Variability but why? data from De La Rocha et al., 1998

Potential Influences on Signal (Other Than Silicic Acid Utilization) secular variation in whole ocean  30 Si regional/temporal variability in  30 Si upwelled to euphotic zone sediments that do not integrate equally over entire growing season (e.g. bias towards resting spores, more robustly silicified diatoms, etc)

Si Isotope Budget InputsT mol y -1  30 Si (‰) river to +3.4 hydrothermal low-T basalt weathering eolian total7.0? Outputs biogenic opal6.5 to 7.4–3.7 to +2.0

The Silica Cycle in Tmol y -1 6 weathering silica production240 dissolution river input 120 dissolution 91 upwelling 115 sedimentation 29 dissolution23 net burial6-7 weathering 0.4 hydrothermal 0.5 numbers from Tréguer et al., 1995 DeMaster 2002 Elderfield and Schultz, 1996 eolian deposition 0.5

Si Isotope Budget InputsT mol y -1  30 Si (‰) river to +3.4 hydrothermal low-T basalt weathering eolian total7.0? Outputs biogenic opal6.5 to 7.4–3.7 to +2.0 InputsT mol y -1  30 Si (‰) river hydrothermal low-T basalt weathering eolian total Outputs biogenic opal6.5 to

Examination With Simple 2-box Model from De La Rocha and Bickle, 2005

Impact of Changing Riverine Si Flux 2.5x modern 0.5x modern

Regional Variability but why? data from De La Rocha et al., 1998

 30 Si vs Depth data from De La Rocha et al., 2000; Varela et al., 2004; Cardinal et al., 2005 blues = Pacific central and coastal N Pac Antarctic (Pac Sector) Pacific subantarctic pink/purple = Atlantic BATS and coastal N Atl Atlantic subantarctic

Modeled Mixed Layer  30 Si Wischmeyer et al., 2003

Rayleigh Distillation of Isotopes

Modeled Mixed Layer  30 Si Wischmeyer et al., 2003

 30 Si vs DSi blues = Pacific central and coastal N Pac Antarctic (Pac Sector) Pacific subantarctic pink/purple = Atlantic BATS and coastal N Atl Atlantic subantarctic data from De La Rocha et al., 2000; Varela et al., 2004; Cardinal et al., 2005

SO Surface Waters- Model vs Reality model- Wischmeyer et al., 2003 data- Varela et al., 2004; Cardinal et al., 2005

Outlook Suggested areas of attack (samples + modeling) mapping of  30 Si at high spatial resolution especially upper water column relative to trace elements (Fe), N isotopes comparing data with models of Si isotopic composition of ocean, sediments do we understand all the processes controlling  30 Si? investigating links between species composition and isotopic composition of sediments improving methods for isolating diatoms from sediments