1 Collaboration Partnership Collaboration Cooperation Coalition Network Alliance Cluster Consortium “A very positive form of working in association with others for some form of mutual benefit” Chris Huxham Huxham, Chris (1996) Creating Collaborative Advantage

2 Collaboration  Collaborative Inertia Differences in aims Difficulties in communication Different cultures and procedures Perceived power imbalance Tensions between autonomy and accountability of individuals Lack of authority structure in Partnership Time demands (especially managing the process)

3 Collaboration  Advantage flows from collaboration... “...when something unusually creative is produced – perhaps an objective is met – that no organisation could have produced on its own and when each organisation, through collaboration, is able to achieve its own objectives better than it could alone. In some cases it should also be possible to achieve some higher-level objectives for society as a whole rather than just for the participating organisations.”

4 Collaboration and Collaborative Advantage  Worthwhile way of fulfilling mutual objectives (collaboration)  A higher level and ambitious form of partnership working (collaborative advantage)