Bacteria Review Questions

1.Identify the two major groups of bacteria. 2.Explain the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria. 3.Describe three ways that bacteria can obtain energy. 4.Describe how bacteria reproduce, exchange genetic information and survive harsh conditions. 5.If Earth suddenly lost its light source but stayed the same temperature, which organisms might survive? 6.How do the products of binary fission and conjugation differ?

1. Identify the two major groups of bacteria. Archaea(Archaebacteria) Bacteria (Eubacteria)

2. Explain the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Gram Positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan and no outer membrane. Gram Negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan and a thin outer membrane

3. Describe three ways that bacteria can obtain energy. 1.Photoautotrophs obtain energy through photosynthesis. 2.Chemoautotrophs obtain energy from sulfur and nitrogen compounds. 3.Heterotrophs obtain energy from other organisms (decomposers and parasites).

4. Describe how bacteria reproduce, exchange genetic information and survive harsh conditions. Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission.binary fission Prokaryotes exchange genetic material through conjugation, transformation and transduction.conjugationtransformation transduction Prokaryotes survive harsh conditions by forming an endospore.endospore

5. If Earth suddenly lost its light source but stayed the same temperature, which organisms might survive? Any organism that does not photosynthesize would survive (chemoautotrophs and heterotrophs). However, heterotrophs that rely on photoautotrophs would eventually die or adapt to use chemoautotrophs as a food source.

6. How do the products of binary fission and conjugation differ? Binary fission products are genetically identical to the parent. The products of conjugation are genetically different.