NameEnrollment noRoll no Dedakiya Harsh Parekh Ravi Patel Himanshu Kanjariya Hiren Patel Milin Patel Harsh Guided by - Mr. Shivang Dabhi -Miss Ankita Upadhyay

 THE GPS IS A WORLDWIDE RADIO-NAVIGATION SYSTEM FORMED FROM A CONSTELLATION OF 24 SATELITES AND THEIR GROUNFD STATIONS.  SATELITE BASED POSITIONING SYSTEM ARE GENERALLY USED FOR NAVIGATION PURPOSE AND ALSO FIND APPLICATION IN SURVEYING.  THE GPS ENABLES THE USER TO LOCATE HIS/HER POSITION IN THREE DIMENSIONS AS WELL AS WITH RESPECT TO TIME.  THE GPS IS COMPRISED OF THREE SEGMENT: 1) SATELITE CONSTELLATION CALLEDSPACE SEGMENTS. 2) GROUND CONTROL CALLED OPERATIONAL CONTROL SEGMENT. 3) USER RECEVING EQUIPMENT CALLED USER EQUIPMWNT SEGMENT.

Global positioning system

Satellite constellation

Functional segment of GPS

 FOR THE PURPOSE OF DISCUSSION, WE DESCRIBE THE GPS RUN BY THE US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE.  THE SYSTEM HAS A MINIMUM OF 24 SATELLITES.

 THE SATELLITES ARE PLACED IN ORBITS SUCH THAT THERE ARE 6 ORBITS HAVING 4 SATELLITES.  EACH ONE NEEDS TO RECEIVE SIGNALS FROM AT LEAST FOUR SATELLITES TO UNIQUETLY DETERMINE THE POSITION OF THE USER.

SATELLITE CONSTELLATION

 GPS RECEIVERS HAVE GREATLY IMOROVED IN DESIGN AND ELECTRONICS.  HEAVY RECEIVERS.  HAND-HELD RECEIVERS.  REAL TIME KINEMATIC TECHNIQUE (RTK)  IN RTK A REFERENCE RECEIVER IS PLACED AT A POINT OF KNOEN COORDINATES.

GPS Receivers

 SOME OF THE USES AND APPLICATION, GLOBAL, REGIONAL, & LOCAL ARE AS FOLLOWS. USES & APPLICATION NAVIGATION SURVEYING

 MARINE AND AIR NAVIGATION.  MILITARY AND CIVILIANCE.  THE REGIONAL APPLICATIONS OF GPS INCLUDE: 1) EXPLORATION 2) TRANSPORTATION 3) MANAGEMENT 4) STRUCTURAL MONITORING 5) VARIOUS TYPES OF AUTOMATION.  AS A LOCAL APPLICATION: 1) BERTHING & DOCKING OF LARGE VESSLES.  FOR APPROACHES TO AIRPORTS & HARBOURS, DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (DGPS) HAS BEEN DEVELOPED.  AIRPORT CONTROL.

GPS Navigation

 TO LOCATE POSITIONS  FOR SURVEYING WORKS  SINCE GPS RECEIVERS NEED TO RECEIVE SIGNALS FROM SATELLITES, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE GROUND EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE PLACED SUCH THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO RECEIVE SIGNALS FROM SATELLITES,  NOW A DAYS GPS IS FINDING ITS WAY INTO CARS, BOATS, PLANES, CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT MOVIE MAKING GEAR, FARM MACHINERY,LAPTOP COMPUTERS ETC.  SOON GPS WILL BECOME ALMOST AS BASIC AS THE TELEPHONE.

GPS surveying

 REMOTE SENSING MEANS ACQURING INFORMATION OF OBJECTS FROM A DITANCE.  SOME OF THE EX. ARE SHOWN ABOVE:  HUMAN EYE  SIGHT  SMELL  HEARING  BIRDS EYE  REMOTE SENSING OCCURS AT A DISTANCE FROM THE OBJECT.

Remote sensing

 REMOTE SENSING IS THE SCIENCE AND ART OF OBTAINING INFORMATION ABOUT AN OBJECT. AREA OR PHENOMENON THROUGH AN ANALYSIS OF THE DATA ACQUIRED BY A DEVICE WHICH IS NOT IN CONTACT.  COLLECTING AND INTERPRETING INFORMATION.  WITHOUT BEING IN PHYSICAL CONTACT.  REMOTE SENSING IS THE METHODOLOGY EMPLOYED TO STUDY FROM A DITANCE THE PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OBJECTS.

 REMOTE SENSING IS A TOOL SIMILAR TO MATHEMATICS.  THE TERM REMOTE SENSING IS RESTRICTED TO METHODS THAT EMPLOY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY AS MEANS OF DETDCTING AND MEASURING TARGET CHARACTERISTICS.  AIRCRARFTS AND SATELLITE ARE THE COMMON PLATFORMS USED FOR REMOTE SENSING.

Electromagnetic spectrum

 REMOTE SENSING IS BROADLY CLASSIFIED INTO TWO CATEGORIES. CLASSIFICATION ACTIVE PASSIVE

ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING 1) IT USES ITS OWN SOURCE OF ENERGY. 1) IT USES SUN AS A SOURCE OF EM ENERGY. 2) THE ENERGY IS DIRECTED TOWARDS THE OBJECT & RETURN ENERGY IS MEASURED. 2) THE ENERGY IS RECORDS &NATURALLY RADIATED & REFLECTED FROM THE OBJECT. 3) A SYSTEM WHICH UTILIZES MAN-MADE SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR DATA COLLECTION IS CALLED ACTIVE SYSTEM. 3) IN THIS SYSTEM PHOTOGRAPHS ARE TAKEN ON A CLEAR BRIGHT DAY, WITHOUT ILLUMINATION FROM THE SUN NO PHOTOGRAPHS CAN BE TAKEN WITH A CAMERA.

Active & passive learning

a) THE ENERGY SOURCE b) INTERACTION OF ENERGY WITH ATMOSPHERE c) INTERACTION OF ENERGY WITH TARGET d) RECORDING OF ENERGY BY SENSOR e) TRANSMISSION, RECEPTION AND PROCESSING f) INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS g) APPLICATION.

Remote sensing process

Different remote sensing process

 SOME OF THE APPLICATION AREASNNARE: 1) AGRICULTURE 2) FORESTRY 3) ENVIRONMENT 4) COSTAL MAPPING 5) MARINE APPLICATION 6) URBAN ENVIRONMENT 7) LAND & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 8) GEOLOGY 9) LAND USE 10) INFORMATION

Different remote sensing application

 GIS IS A DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES MANY FACILITIES FOR SURVEYOURS AND PLANERS.  GIS IS A COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WHICH COLLECTS &STORE SPATIALLY REFERENCED DATANNWITH OTHER RELEVANT ATTRIBUTES & ENABLES US TO MANIPULATE,ANALYSE & DISPLAY IN SUITABLE FORMATS, SUCH DATA CAN BE USED FOR VARIOUS PLANNING AND DESIGN PUPOSE.

i. TO COLLECT, ANALYSE AND MANIPULATESPATIAL DATA. ii. TO PRODUCE MAPS &OTHER PRODUCTS IN STANDARDIZED FORMATES FOR DIFFERENT USES. iii. TO SUPPLY INFORMATION IN USEFUL FORMATS FOR LOGICAL DECISION MAKING FOR PLANNERS. iv. TO SUPPORT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES USING SPATIAL AS WELL AS NON-SPATIAL DATA.

 GIS MAY BE DEFINED AS A COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM WHICH ATTEMPTS TO CAPTURE,STORE, MANIPULATE, ANALYSE AND DISPLAY SPATIALLY REFERENCED & ASSOCIATED ATTRIBUTE DATA FOR SOLVING COMPLEX RESEARCH, PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS.

Essentials of GIS

 HARDWARE  SOFTWARE  PEOCEDURE  DATA  USERS

Key components of GIS

 FOR ANY APPLICATION, THERE ARE 5 GENERIC QUESTIONS THAT GIS CAN ANSWERS. 1) WHAT IS AT ? 2) WHERE IS IT ? 3) WHAT HAS CHANGED ? 4) WHAT SPATIAL PATTERNS EXIST ? 5) WHAT IF ?

 SURVEYING & MAPPING ARE THE PRIMARY AREASNN OF GIS APPLICATION.  RESOURCES & ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT & DESIGB OF PUBLIC UTILITY SERVICES ARE AREAS WHERE GIS CAN OLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE.

 ENGINEERING MAPPING  AUTOMATED PHOTOGRAMMETRY  TAX MAPPING  HIGHWAY MAPPING  FACILITY MAPPING  CENSUS MAPPING, WELL LOG DATA MAPPING  LAND USE PLANNING  ENVIRONMENT IMPACT STUDIES  NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT-FOREST, AGICULTURE ETC  ROTING-HIGHWAY,PIPELINES  URBAN & REGIONAL PLANNING.