Human Physiology in the Development of Performance

Today’s Objectives Correctly identify the performance criteria for LO2 Correctly identify the function of the respiratory system Correctly describe the pathway of air Correctly describe the process of pulmonary diffusion Correctly describe the stages that occur in breathing in and breathing out Correctly describe the adaptations that take place in the respiratory system with sport and exercise

Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 Learning Outcome 2 The structure of the main components of the cardio-respiratory system is correctly described The function of the main components of the cardio-respiratory system are accurately described

Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 We are going to separate the Cardio Respiratory system into 2 parts In general terms: Cardio: Heart Respiratory: Lungs

Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 Respiratory System Question What is the main function of the respiratory system? Answer To breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Structure Description Nasal Passage Nose Oral Cavity Mouth Pharynx Funnel shaped tube allowing air to go into the windpipe Larynx Voice Box Trachea Windpipe Bronchi Sub-divisions of windpipe

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Structure Description Lungs Cone shaped organs of the respiratory system Heart Muscular organ of the cardiovascular system Ribs Flat bones that protect the heart and lungs Intercostal muscles Muscle that pull on the rib cage causing it to move Cartilage Connective tissue that joins the ribs onto the sternum

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Structure Description Bronchioles Small tube like subdivisions of the bronchi Diaphragm Muscle at the bottom of the rib cage which assists during breathing Alveoli Bunch of grape like structures where pulmonary diffusion takes place

The Respiratory System Bronchioles Intercostal muscles Cartilage Diaphragm Alveoli

Pathway of Air Task In your pairs look at the diagram of the respiratory system Taking into account gravity Make a list of the respiratory structures in the order that you think the air passes through them

Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Pathway of Air Oral Cavity/Nasal Passages Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchus Bronchioles Alveoli – where pulmonary diffusion occurs

What is Pulmonary Diffusion? Pulmonary Diffusion is the name for the process of gas exchange which occurs in the lungs It has 2 main functions: To replenish the blood with oxygen where it can be transported around the body To remove carbon dioxide from the blood so we can breathe it out

Pulmonary Diffusion During pulmonary diffusion the gases (O2 and CO2) always travel from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Until there is an equal balance of both gases in the blood

Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 Breathing in and Breathing Out Q) How many breaths does the average person take at rest per minute? A) Q) How many breaths do you take at rest in the average minute?

Breathing in and Breathing Out The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax B The diaphragm contracts and flattens C The volume of the lungs decreases D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E The intercostal muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H Air is forced out of the lungs

Breathing In and Out Firstly decide which statements are involved with breathing in and which are involved with breathing out Then establish a logical order of events for each phase of breathing Hint - gas always moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

Breathing In and Out A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax B The diaphragm contracts and flattens C The volume of the lungs decreases D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H Air is forced out of the lungs

Breathing In and Out Out In A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax B The diaphragm contracts and flattens C The volume of the lungs decreases D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H Air is forced out of the lungs Out In

Breathing In and Out A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax B The diaphragm contracts and flattens C The volume of the lungs decreases D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H Air is forced out of the lungs

Breathing In and Out Out 1 In 1 Out 2 Out 3 In 2 In 4 In 3 Out 4 A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax B The diaphragm contracts and flattens C The volume of the lungs decreases D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them H Air is forced out of the lungs Out 1 In 1 Out 2 Out 3 In 2 In 4 In 3 Out 4

Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 Breathing In B The diaphragm contracts and flattens E The intercostals muscles contract pulling the ribs up and out G This increases the volume of the lungs and decreases the air pressure inside them F The greater air pressure outside forces air into the lungs

Human Physiology in the Development of Performance D681 12 Breathing Out A The intercostals muscles and the diaphragm relax C The volume of the lungs decreases D The internal pressure of the lungs increases above that of the external air pressure H Air is forced out of the lungs

Adaptations to the Respiratory with Exercise Increased ability to take in more air due to increases in strength or endurance of intercostals muscles Increased efficiency of oxygen uptake by blood (pulmonary diffusion) Increased alveoli surface area

You should now be able to Correctly identify the performance criteria for LO2 Correctly identify the function of the respiratory system Correctly describe the pathway of air Correctly describe the process of pulmonary diffusion Correctly describe the stages that occur in breathing in and breathing out Correctly describe the adaptations that take place in the respiratory system with sport and exercise