RESPIRATORY SYSTEM External respiration Internal respiration

RESPIRATION External Internal Between blood and cell Between environment and lungs http://activity.ntsec.gov.tw/lifeworld/english/content/body_cc4.html

RESPIRATORY TRACT Epiglottis Bronchi

TUBULAR PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR TRACHEA Bronchioles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0 Respiration Video

The Mechanics of Breathing

DIAPHRAGM Dome-shaped muscle attached to rib cage that contracts& flattens out during breathing

Observe what happens to the diaphragm.

PRESSURE force of air pressing down Less air particles- Low air pressure More air particles- High air pressure

How do you change the pressure? High to Low Pressure (Many to Less) How do you change the pressure?

Air pressure (inside balloon Air pressure (empty space) Air pressure (outside air)

Breathing – The Lungs "nature hates a vacuum" Breathing animation http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html

Breathing in - inhaling Rib cage expands Diaphragm moves downward Pressure reduces inside lung Result – air is drawn into the lungs

Breathing out - exhaling Rib cage contracts Diaphragm moves upward / inward Pressure increases inside lung Result – air is pushed out of the lung

BREATHING

Breathing – The Lungs "nature hates a vacuum" Breathing animation Write a paragraph explanation/ summary on how breathing works. Discuss the role of the ribcage and the diaphragm and how these creates a pressure difference so breathing can take place. "nature hates a vacuum" http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html

Gas Exchange

Air Composition Inhaled air Exhaled air Nitrogen N2 – 79% Oxygen O2 – 20% CO2 – 0.04% Others - 0.96% Exhaled air Nitrogen N2 – 79% Oxygen O2 – 16% CO2 – 4% Others - 1%

Breathing – The Alveoli Diffusion The movement of gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/diffusion/Diffusion.html http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html

http://patrickpoon.com/etp/Diffusion.html DIFFUSION

Alveoli venule (deoxygenated blood) arteriole (oxygenated blood) CO2 and O2 exchanged at the same time venule (deoxygenated blood) arteriole (oxygenated blood)

Breathing – The Alveoli Breathing in Breathing out high concentration of oxygen low concentration of carbon dioxide To the heart From the heart O2 O2 O2 CO2 O2 O2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 low concentration of oxygen high concentration of carbon dioxide Diffusion

Respiration Food + Oxygen  CO2 + water + ENERGY Glucose + O2  CO2 + water + ENERGY C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + ENERGY C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY

Cell Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy