FOOD SECURITY IN PAKISTAN

What is Food Security? sufficient, Food security exists when all people,at all times, have physical and economic access to safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.

The Food Security Pillars Availability Access Utilization Stability Food Security

Availability Indicators FOOD AVAILABILITY NET PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE-BASED FOOD ANIMAL-BASED FOOD 4 FOOD ITEMS 4 FOOD ITEMS Kcal per capita per day FOOD CONSUMPTION All FOOD ITEMS All FOOD ITEMS Own production Import + Aid Stocks

Militancy & crimes

Access Indicators ACCESS TO FOOD INCOME PER CAPITA ADULT LITERACY RATE LANDLESS LABOUR ROADS PER AREA MARGINAL CULTIVATORS UNDER 2.5 ACRE

International vs local prices of wheat

Terms of trade and key commodity prices

Soaring food prices have adversely affected access to food

Poor populations need to spend a large share of their income on food

Purchasing power went down ( ) – Wheat prices in real terms increased by 54.6 percent – Wage rate in real terms increased by only 3.1 percent (shock modeling) Nominal term ( ) – Wheat price increased by 114 percent – Wage rate increased by only 41 percent

Type of consumption Caloric Intake (Kcal/Day/Person) Quantity Consumed per Year (Kg) Baseline (2006)After (2009)Change (%) Baseline (2006)After (2009) WheatNational Urban Rural RiceNational Urban Rural Total foodNational Urban Rural Note:The percentage change in caloric intake is applied to the quantity consumed

Wage labourers and petty traders are most food insecure

Market vulnerability Market price plays a vital role in the food security of the population 35-40% urban ………………………100% depend on market for food 67% of rural…………………………100% depend on market for food 33% of rural engaged in agriculture but not all produce surplus cereals, only 10% are somehow produce more than requirement. Hence, the price instability affect 90% of the households in the country

Absorption/utilization Indicators FOOD ABSORPTION INFANT MORTALITY RATE IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE FEMALE LITERACY RATE HEALTH SERVICES & FACILITIES SAFE DRINKING WATER

25 Food Consumption

Food insecure population FSA 2009 Table 5.2 Food Insecure Population in Pakistan Province% Food insecure KPK56.2 Punjab38.5 Sindh44.3 Balochistan61.2 FATA67.7 Pak Administered Kashmir46.9 Gilgit Baltistan52.4 Islamabad23.6 Pakistan = 48.6 percent Percent

How do people cope with food insecurity ?

Militancy & crimes

Year slow increase 2007 Price increase of food items Continue till now 2007 Decline in terms of trade Continue till now 2008 Decline in income Power shut down Continue till now 2009 Conflict/war Continue till now