 First Crusade (1096)  Successful – Christians take Jerusalem  (When all that massacre happened)  Second Crusade (1096)  Unsuccessful – helped unite the Muslims  Had nothing to do with Jerusalem…

 Saladin forced Christianity to submit Jerusalem to him  Showed “mercy” to the Christians (or at least treated them a lot better than the Christians treated the Muslims)  Jerusalem now in control of the Muslims led by Saladin ….

 Led by 3 Great Kings of Europe  King Louis XVI of France  Frederick Barbarossa of The Holy Roman Empire  Richard The Lionheart of England  Barbarossa falls of his horse and drowns  Richard takes the fight to Saladin, massacring women and children on the walls

 Sound familiar?  While Richard is off on Crusade…  SOMEONE is stealing from the Rich and giving to the poor…

 Ends in a stalemate…  Saladin is unable to completely drive out the Christians from Syria   Richard is unable to take Jerusalem from the Muslims 

 R.C. CRUSADERS: Lets go take back Jerusalem from the Muslims!!  So they go on their way….  R.C. CRUSADERS: You know what? This is too damn hard….lets go to Byzantium and sack Constantinople instead…

 So the Crusaders instead of attacking the Muslims just attack the Eastern Orthodox Christians and take their city of Constantinople…  FINAL BLOW between the Eastern Orthodox Church & the Roman Catholic Church  Leads to the decline of the Byzantine Empire…

 Muslims split..  Christians ally with the Muslims to fight the Muslims in Egypt  Christians lose.  An alliance with the infidels is now okay? What happened to killing them all? :S

 Diplomatic maneuvering somehow leads to the Crusaders gaining control of Jerusalem…

 Muslims took back Jerusalem again…  The Pope called for a Crusade again…  This time the people had stopped caring about Jerusalem, its significance had been lost..  A small crusader army goes and gets destroyed…

 Christians just gave up during the crusade  Crusading spirit now entirely dead…  The last of the Crusades in the Middle East

 1 st Crusade: Christian Victory  2 nd Crusade: Muslim Victory (Jerusalem still Christian)  Saladin takes Jerusalem  3 rd Crusade: Muslim Victory (Jerusalem still Muslim)  4 th Crusade: Roman Catholics sack Constantinople and def. the Eastern Orthodox Christians  5 th Crusade: Ally with a group of Muslims and lose to the other Muslims (Jerusalem still Muslim)  6 th Crusade: Christian victory  Muslims take Jerusalem again…  7 th Crusade: Muslim Victory  8 th & 9 th Crusade: Muslim Victory – Crusaders quit

 Cannibalism, brutal senseless massacre of innocent people…what about that code of Chivalry?  Unprovoked attack on other Christians sacking their great city…is that gods will?  Ally with Muslims to attack Jerusalem…thought they were infidels?

 The Italian cities prospered from the transport of Crusaders and replaced Byzantines and Muslims as merchant-traders in the Mediterranean.  Trade passed through Italian hands to Western Europe at a handsome profit. This commercial power became the economic base of the Italian Renaissance  Settlement of the Middle East, major trade center  Some Scholars: Crusades helped bring Western Europe in contact with Eastern, Greek and Muslim medicine, thinkers, science that helped pull Western Europe out of the dark ages.

 Developed by Thomas Aquinas priest of the Roman Catholic Church in 1225 AD  War must occur for a good and just purpose, not for self-gain and an exercise of power.  War must be waged properly by instituted authority such as the state  Peace must be a central motive even in the midst of violence

 Do you think the Crusades were justified? (based on your own personal values, ideals etc.)  Were the Crusades justified based on the Just War Theory?