Proof reading tips and getting ready for submission! Grammar, punctuation and time management Aaron Kelly

Top tips for proofreading Print it off early / leave it a day Read it aloud slowly Take care with cut and pasting Learn punctuation rules Check your referencing Get a friend to read and provide feedback

Why improve your understanding of grammar and punctuation? Grammar checkers on computers are not foolproof! Demonstrating an understanding of grammar and punctuation will impress your tutors It will enhance written communication skills - often considered a highly desirable skill by employers

The colon TO INTRODUCE AN IDEA You are left with only one option: practice regularly until you have mastered it. There is only one thing you need to know about colons: the more you practice the better you will become.

The colon TO INTRODUCE A LIST Most students have a wide taste in music: commercial, deep house and rock. The soup contained several key ingredients: vegetable stock, large onions, carrots and coriander.

The semi – colon IN COMPLICATED LISTS In the meeting today we have present Professor Wilson, University of Barnsley; Dr Watson, University of Liverpool; Mr Aaron Kelly, Senior Resident Tutor, Liverpool Hope University and Miss Susan Murray, Head of Library Services, Liverpool Hope University.

The semi – colon Separating closely – related independent clauses Liverpool Hope is a great university; the tutors are supportive and the students are super friendly. Students often fear using the semi – colon; this is often due to lack of understanding.

The comma splice The comma splice occurs when a comma is used to connect two independent clauses Liverpool Hope is a great university, the tutors are supportive and the students are super friendly. Students often fear using the semi – colon, this is often due to lack of understanding.

Using a comma with a conjunction A comma should always be used BEFORE conjunctions: and, but, for, nor, yet, or, so to separate independent causes. eg: He hated commas, so he never used them eg: He hated commas, so he never used them NOT – He hated commas so, he never used them NOT – He hated commas so, he never used them These are called coordinating conjunctions There is very often no need to use a comma with the conjunction ‘because’.

Other common errors! Avoid using contractions! e.g. shouldn’t, won’t, it’s. Avoid using the vernacular and casual everyday words Avoid using the vernacular and casual everyday words Always write abbreviations in full the first time you see them e.g. The Department for Education (DfE) implies that…. Always write abbreviations in full the first time you see them e.g. The Department for Education (DfE) implies that…. Don’t be tempted to use complex language that isn’t your own just to make your work appear ‘academic’ Avoid using non – quantifiable descriptions

Subject / verb agreement Plural subject, singular verb Careful planning and a clear mind is important for writing a good academic essay. Careful planning and a clear mind are important for writing a good academic essay. In this sentence, careful planning and clear mind are a subject of the verb (writing) and as they are plural the verb has to be plural: are rather than is

Singular Subject / plural verb Aaron’s taste in books was fantastic ( correct) Aaron’s taste in book were fantastic ( incorrect) The subject in this sentence is Aaron’s taste, which is singular. It therefore needs a singular verb: was rather than were

Singular Subject / plural verb Problems can occur with collective nouns such as group of, a collection of, etc. These are singular! For example: A small group of birds were flying across the midnight sea. (incorrect) A small group of birds was flying across the midnight see. (correct)

Which of these sentences uses the colon correctly? A) The jazz band contained the following instruments: trumpets, trombones and trumpets. B) The jazz band contained: trumpets, trombones and trumpets. C) The jazz band contained: trumpets, trombones, trumpets. Right answer – A Right answer – A

Which of these sentences uses the semi - colon correctly? A) Greece is a beautiful country; lovely beaches and friendly people B) Greece is a beautiful country; the beaches are lovely and the people are friendly C) Greece is a beautiful country; people are so friendly Correct answer - B

Identify the sentence that contains the the comma splice Aaron loves cake, he eats it at least twice a week. At the beginning of the book, the author and publishers details can be found. Robert describes a term that dates back to the 18 th century, when poverty was rife. Correct answer – A

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