Status Update on LIGO-India Tarun Souradeep1 & Sukanta Bose2 1IUCAA, Pune, India 2Washington State University, Pullman, USA LIGO DCC ID: LIGO-G1300002 Gravitational Waves: New Frontiers, Seoul Jan 16-18, 2013 IUCAA Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Launch of Gravitational wave Astronomy Science Gain from Strategic Geographical Location Source localization error Courtesy: S. Fairhurst Launch of Gravitational wave Astronomy GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Jan 16, 2013

Global Network of Adv. GW Observatories Network  1. Detection confidence 2. Duty factor 3. Source localization 4. Polarization LIGO-LLO: 4km LIGO-LHO: 2km+ 4km GEO: 0.6km VIRGO: 3km KAGRA 3 km (2017) Time delays in milliseconds India provides almost largest possible baselines. (Antipodal baseline 42ms) LIGO-India Jan 16, 2013 [Sathyaprakash, Fairhurst, Veitch, Schutz, Klimenko, Reitze, Whitcomb, LIGO-T1200219 (2012)]

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul LIGO-India: A proposed mega-science project in India’s next 5-year plan A project on Indian soil with International Cooperation Involvement at the threshold of a major science discovery aLIGO-USA precedes LIGO-India by ~3 years. Staggered time-line  is an advantage. Indian experimenters would participate in aLIGO-USA Significant US expertise will pave way for faster execution of LIGO-India US hardware contribution ready: no uncertainty in timeline aLIGO is one of NSF’s most ambitious funded projects LIGO-India got positive reviews , NSB approval for NSF to proceed as it deems best. Expenditure entirely in Indian labs & Industry. Very significant Industrial capability upgrade. Indian DAE labs & Industry assessed to be in position to carry out phase-I of LIGO-India. (Senior LIGO team visited Indian labs & facilities in Aug ,Oct, Dec 2011, Feb 2012] Well defined training plan  Generate large number (~100) of highly trained scientists. Major data analysis centre for the entire LIGO network. Huge opportunity for Indian University participation. Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Highly Multi-disciplinary Astro++ Jan 16, 2013 GW: New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Multi-Institutional, Multi-disciplinary Consortium LIGO India Lead Institutions: IUCAA, Pune; IPR, Gandhinagar; RRCAT, Indore; Nodal Institutions: CMI, Chennai; Delhi University; IITs @ Gandhinagar, Kanpur, Madras; IISERs @ Kolkata, Pune, Tvm. Individual scientists from TIFR, Mumbai; RRI, Bangalore; IISc, Bangalore; …. + others Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul 6

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Multi-Institutional, Multi-disciplinary Consortium Nodal Institutions: IUCAA, Pune; IPR, Ahmedabad; RRCAT, Indore; Other Institutions: CMI, Chennai; Delhi University; IITs @ Gandhinagar, Kanpur, Madras; IISERs @ Kolkata, Pune, Tvm. Individual scientists from TIFR, Mumbai; RRI, Bangalore; IISc, Bangalore;+ others Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul 7

Three Phases of LIGO-India project LIGO-India Project is broadly divided into three phases: Phase 1 (Sept 2012 – June 2014) – Site selection, infrastructure & facility and vacuum system design and prototyping of beam tube. Phase 2 (July 2014 – Dec 2017) – Infrastructure & facility preparation, vacuum construction and testing at vendor site, training of Indian Scientists / Engineers, shipping of detector and documentation of the detector hardware components, their installation and testing off-site (RRCAT) Phase 3 (2018-2020) – Detector installation and commissioning on site Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Institute of Plasma Research (IPR) Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Ajai Kumar - NSF review Dec2012

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Sendhil Raja Ajai Kumar - NSF review Dec2012

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul constructed Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Sendhil Raja Ajai Kumar - NSF review Dec2012

Manpower and Human Resource Development The construction and subsequent operation of the observatory will require ~ 50 scientists and engineers. ~10 critical manpower for the project team will be seconded from lead centers The facilities like engineering, drafting etc. from the participating institutes will also be used. During Project execution phase project scientist / engineers will be hired for duration of five years. Necessary work / required facilities will be outsourced. ~ 40 new positions will be created. A committee will be constituted, which will assist in generating manpower. Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul GW Data Centre @ IUCAA Team: Tarun Souradeep, SB, Sanjit Mitra, Ajit Kembhavi, Sarah Ponrathnam, Jayanti Prasad, Sharmad Navelkar + Anand Sengupta (IIT, Gnd) IUCAA data centre - “Prototype” in early 2013: 30 Tf , 600 Tb [94 nodes : 2 x 8-core Intel Xeon Sandybridge, 128 GB RAM/node, Infiniband interconnect] All infrastructure (for expansion to ~300 Tf ) at IUCAA. Installation by HP commenced Nov 26, 2012 (~ 6 wks before opening to users) [total investment ~ $2M] Next: Tier2-like GWDA centre: ~200 Tf peak capability [~ 2014]: USD 10M funds requested in IUCAA XII (5 year) Plan budget] Match advanced LIGO at US schedule. Part of the LSC participation commitment from IndIGO Network: gigabit+ backbone, National Knowledge Network Few Gigabit dedicated link to LIGO lab Caltech Role of GW data centre Tier-2 data & compute centre for archival of GW data and analysis Bring together GW scientists & data-analysts within the Indian science community. Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

IUCAA Data Centre (Dec 15, 2012) Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

IUCAA Data Centre (Dec 15, 2012) Housings for 30 Tf nodes. Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

IUCAA Data Centre (Dec 15, 2012) Cooling units and ducts, power supply, 300 kilowatt generator. Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

LIGO-India Detector Site LIGO-India site search team @IUCAA IUCAA: Tarun Souradeep, Sharad Gaonkar (retd. dDG, GSI), Sanjit Mitra, Ajit Kembhavi IISER Kolkata: Supriyo Mitra (Geophysicist) , Rajesh K. Nayak C.S. Unnikrishnan (TIFR), Sendhil Raja (RRCAT) & Bala Iyer (RRI) Requirements / metric: Low ‘seismicity’ (ground noise PSD) Low human generated noise Air connectivity, road connectivity, data connectivity,… Proximity to academic institutions, labs, industry preferred, … Approach : Identify potential sites not too far from existing facilities Establish contact with local & high level state officials Desktop survey of sites, followed by team visit 2-3wk seismic survey: ground noise PSD at 0.1-100 Hz range Few interesting possibilities have emerged. Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

We have followed up ALL leads, independent of their seismic zonation. X Note: We have followed up ALL leads, independent of their seismic zonation. 16 site leads up until now X X Deccan plateau. X X Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Sites under investigation Karnataka [KS]: Site 1 – the technology hub ~40 km from Chitradurga, [~200km NW of Bangalore] Site 2 is 10km away from site 1 Site visit, Chief Sec., Principal Sec. of Karnataka. Weather & Seismic survey data for site-1 (10km away) Site-1 ruled out, Site 2 open (but issues of acquisition) 2. Andhra Pradesh [AP]: 100 km north of Bangalore: First site visit by Ajit Kembhavi. Principal Sec. of Andhra Pradesh; seismic survey completed (Apr 2-17) Seismic, weather survey done. On preliminary shortlist. 4. Madhya Pradesh [MP]: Bhopal ~200Km NE, ~ 200 Km N of Indore Presentation by T. Souradeep to the (new) Addl. Chief Sec. on May 16,2012 4 potential sites: Seismic survey complete for 2 of these; 3rd to begin now. 5. Rajasthan [RJ]: ~80km west of Jaipur visited Apr 12-14: insufficient space East of Udaipur: One Site visited Apr 12-14, seismic survey done (analysis ongoing) , another under discussion Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Desktop study: MP Site 2, Madhya Pradesh Step1: Google Earth map with a proposed configuration Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul A desktop study: MP Site 2, Madhya Pradesh Step2: Satellite topography map with a proposed configuration Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Desktop study: MP-Site 2 Step 3: Detailed Topography along the proposed configuration ( To be followed up with topo-sheets from Survey of India & Seismic survey) End 1 408m center 390m End 2 385m Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Desktop study: MP site 3 , Madhya Pradesh Step1: Google Earth map with a proposed configuration + acquire topographical sheets Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Desktop study: MP site 3 , Madhya Pradesh Step2: Satellite topography map with a proposed configuration Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Site characterization: E.g., Archived weather data at KS Site-1 Wind speed (Km/hr) Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Seismic Survey (RJ-1, Nov. 8, 2012) Himangshu, St/o Supriyo Sharad Goankar Sr. consultant IUCAA Prof. Jaafrey IUCAA Assoc. IRC Udaipur Univ Unni Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Preliminary Seismic Survey KS site 1 Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Preliminary Seismic Survey Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

To summarize… Thank you !!! In the past year (2012), pre-approval phase: Miles covered, inches to go …. toward Indian govt. approval. Post-approval: Important challenges ahead, but gearing up well to face them  Is there enough scientific interest in the community in India? Yes Does the community have sufficient scientific, technical and managerial ability to implement this megaproject? Yes Would adequate funding and support be available? Very likely Can the project be sustained over ~15 years? Yes Is there a suitable site? Several possibilities Thank you !!! Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

LIGO-India Site drawings (supplied to state officials) Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Major Indian Institutions IUCAA: Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune. RRCAT: Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore IPR: Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Ahmedabad IIT: Indian Institute(s) of Technology IISER: Indian Institute(s) for Science Education and Research IISc, TIFR, BARC, VECC ... (not yet involved with LIGO-India) Mega-Science Projects comm.  Planning Comm. Of India Funding & implementation Agencies DAE : Department of Atomic Energy DST : Department of Science and Technology Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Adapted: AKK - NSF review Apr 2012

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Ajai Kumar - NSF review Dec2012

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Seismic Survey Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Some Major Projects in India & Intl. Projects With Significant Indian Contribution Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (Pune, India) Large Hadron Collider ITER-India India Based Neutrino Observatory Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT-India) Square Kilometre Array National Large Solar telescope AKK : NSF review Apr 2012 Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

LIGO-India: a good idea for Intl. community ! Geographical relocation Strategic for GW astronomy Potentially large GW expt. & science community in the future Indian demographics: youth dominated – need challenges Improved UG education system will produce a larger number of students with aspirations looking for frontline research opportunities at home. Present experimental expertise within IndIGO Laser and optics: RRCAT, IPR, TIFR, IITM, IIT K, IISER Pune, IISER, Kolkata, IISER TVM + … UH Vacuum: RRCAT, IPR , VECC, + … In project mode, each group can scale to 10 PDF & PhD students in 2-3 years. Major enhancement of Science & Data Analysis team. Consolidated IndIGO participation in LIGO Science Collab. (Sept 2011) P. Ajith, Caltech PDF ICTS, Bangalore (Jan 2013), Rana Adhikari (Adjunct, ICTS) Sanjit Mitra : Caltech-JPL PDF IUCAA Sengupta : Caltech PDF  DU  IIT GN Archana Pai: AEI  IISER SB, LSC member, USA, joining IUCAA ( Jan 2013) Expand theory and create numerical relativity activities. Expect hiring in premier institutions (e.g., ICTS) Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

IndIGO Consortium – a brief history Dec. 2007 : ICGC2007 @IUCAA: Rana Adhikari’s visit & discussions 2009: Australia-India S&T collaboration (Iyer & Blair) Establishing Australia-India collaboration in GW Astronomy IndIGO Consortium: IUCAA Reunion meeting (Aug 9, 2009) GW Astronomy Roadmap for India; 2009-2011: Meetings at Kochi, Pune, Shanghai, Perth, Delhi to Define, Reorient and Respond to the Global (GWIC) strategies for setting up the International GW Network. Bring together scattered Indian Experimental Expertise; Individuals & Institutions March 2011: IndIGO-I Proposal: Participation in LIGO-Australia May 2011+: Efforts on for funding LIGO-India… Note: IndIGO was admitted to GWIC in July 2011 : Intl. recognition of the growing GW activity & community in India. IndIGO has been accepted into the LIGO Science Collab. (LSC) : pan-Indian 7 institutes: 15 members: Theory, DA + EXPERIMENTERS ) : Sept. 2011 [ Grown to 27 LSC members by Dec. 2012] Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Project Work Breakdown Structure The Project Work is sub-divided into broad activity-wise categories Site selection and survey Civil Infrastructure and facilities Vacuum System & Mechanical Engineering Computing facility Human Resource Development Implementation of CDS system Detector Hardware Documentation & Pre-installation Detector on-site Installation & commissioning Detector integration, installation and commissioning These activities will be executed by three lead institute (IPR, RRCAT and IUCAA) under the MOU among them. Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Manpower generation for sustenance of LIGO-India : aLIGO USA will have a lead time over LIGO-India Indian personnel trained in USA bring expertise to LIGO-India and build groups using associated training programs Postdocs at LIGO (3 thru IndIGO for LIGO-India), visits to CIT, LHO,LLO, MIT, Glasgow, .. 2013 Indo-UK meet Feb:Cardiff [5Ind, 20UK], GWPAW, Transients & Timing (Dec,Mar:IUCAA) IndIGO Summer internships in International labs underway (3 years). High UG applications 30/40 each year from IIT, IISER, NISERS,.. 3 summers, ~14 students, 1 starting PhD at LIGO-MIT Plans to extend to participating National labs to generate more experimenters IndIGO schools to expose students to emerging opportunity in GW science 1st IndIGO school in Dec 2010 in Delhi Univ. (thru IUCAA) Funded ICTS Cosmology & GW school in IUCAA, Dec 2011 IUCAA GW school in Tezpur Univ. (Jan 2012) IUCAA GW School Goa (Dec 2012), ICTS NR school& W/shop (Jun-Jul 2013) Possibly: Board of Research in GWST for funding research in GW related S&T Fund research groups & facilities devlopment in IITs, IISERS & Univ. Possibly : Joint Technical PG training school for GWST at IUCAA, IPR, RRCAT Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

GW - New Frontiers, Seoul Madhya Pradesh (MP) Nearest large airports (200km) : Bhopal (Capital MP) & Indore (RRCAT) Presentation by TS to Addl. Chief sec, in Bhopal, May 16,2012 Very positive & prompt response. District collector & team present One District -200 km NE from Bhopal (& Another district as next alternative– NW of Bhopal) Suggestion to co-exist with a large solar power setup Current 4 sites considered: MP Site 1 to 4 Site 1 insufficient space (3.5km) but short seisimic survey done to make a prelim assesment of MP district Site 2 : topographical hinderance Site 3 (2 wk seisimic survey done), Site 4 (2 wk seis. Survey now) Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Preliminary Seismic Survey Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

Indo-US Centre for Gravitational Physics and Astronomy @ IUCAA APPROVED (Dec 2010). Funds received Jul 6, 2011 Centre of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) Exchange program to fund mutual visits and facilitate interactions leading to collaborations Nodal centres: IUCAA , Pune, India & Caltech, Pasadena, USA. Institutions: Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep USA: Caltech, WSU - PI: Rana Adhikari Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul

The Questions Answers Thank you !!! Is there enough scientific interest in the community in India? Yes Does the community have sufficient scientific, technical and managerial ability to implement such a vast project? Yes Would adequate funding and support be available? Very Likely Can the project be sustained over ~15 years? Yes Is there a suitable site? Several possibilities In the past year (Nov. 2011), pre-approval phase: Miles covered , inches to go …. toward Indian govt. approval. Post-approval: Enormous Challenges ahead, but gearing well up to face them  Thank you !!! Jan 16, 2013 GW - New Frontiers, Seoul