BY: Kaitie Guizzetti

 Allotropes –“are two or more forms of an elements that have distinctly different physical or chemical properties.”  To be considered an Allotrope: Forms of the element have to be in the same form (ex: gas, solid, liquid) WHAT IS AN ALLOTROPE?

 B - Boron  C - Carbon  N - Nitrogen  O - Oxygen  Al - Aluminum  Si - Silicone  P – Phosphorus  S - Sulfur  Ga - Gallium  Ge - Germanium  As - Arsenic  Se - Selenium  In - Indium  Sn - Tin  Sb - Antimony  Te - Tellurium  Tl - Thallium  Pb - Lead  Bi - Bismuth  Po - Polonium  Etc. ELEMENTS THAT HAVE ALLOTROPES

 Carbon- pure carbon can take different forms and therefore carbon has many different allotropes. Carbon is the substance with the greatest number of allotropes (8 so far) including… ○ Diamond -One of the best known allotropes of Carbon -Hard, high dispersal of light, high melting point -Used in Jewelry and industrial applications -Each carbon atom in diamond is covalently bonded to 4 other atoms of carbon to form tetrahedron EXAMPLES AND USES OF AN ALLOTROPE

 Diamond, one of Carbon’s allotropes, in its use as Jewelry

EXAMPLES AND USES OF CARBONS ALLOTROPES Graphite -Soft, black, solid -Used in batteries (for its conductivity) and in pencils -Most stable form of carbon

EXAMPLES AND USES OF CARBONS ALLOTROPES Fullerenes -Group of ball-like and tube-like structures -Discovered in Molecules composed 100% of Carbon -Uses of fullerenes is still under study but scientists are trying to use it in medicinal purposes

The chemical structure of Fullerenes. Professor Sir Harold W. Kroto, the man that discovered fullerenes in He was given the Nobel Peace Prize for this discovery in 1996.

MORE OF ALLOTROPES OF CARBON 1. Carbon Nanofoam 2. Carbon Nanotube 3. Lonsdaleite 4. Ceraphite Allotrope

OTHER TOPICS THAT WE HAVE STUDIED THAT ARE REALTED TO ALLOTROPES 1. Isotopes – (atoms of the same element with differing number of neutrons.) We studied that isotopes were different forms of an Element (like Carbon-12 and Carbon-13) just like how allotropes have different forms (Carbon – [graphite and diamond]) but are all still the same element. 2. Periodic Table- we have studied the periodic table and now we know that the elements on the periodic table that have allotropes. 3. Allotropes are also related to mining which we studied earlier because when you are mining an element you want to know which form of the element you are mining.

REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. What is the substance that has the most number of allotropes? Name three of that substance’s allotropes. 2. Name five elements that have allotropes.

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