Basic steps in sentence production Start with an idea (meaning) Pick syntax (sentence structure) Pick words Produce a speech utterance (lip movements and.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Mini Presentations: How To
Advertisements

CHAPTER 8 Copyright © 2002 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6 Traits and More: A Practical Approach to Teaching Writing Effectively by Courtney Kistemann.
Making SLOs Work at Southwestern College January 2008.
Understanding CP Writing Tasks
Grade 2 Common Core I Can Statements… 1. Second Grade Common Core… The Next Generation Strand: Reading: Literature RL.2.1 –
Sum it Up and Point the Way Forward Conclusions: Ending on a Strong Note.
Academic Communication Lesson 2 Pick up two different handouts per person from the desk at the front of the room: –“Choose a result” homework –“Strategy.
Responsible Use of Source Material. Write First--We do research to solve writing problems, not as the basis for writing. n Write a couple of pages, explaining.
Running Records.
Cognitive Processes PSY 334 Chapter 11 – Language Structure.
What makes a paper bad? Bad organization. What causes bad organization? Failure to think your paper through.
Language, Mind, and Brain by Ewa Dabrowska Chapter 2: Language processing: speed and flexibility.
Some definitions Morphemes = smallest unit of meaning in a language Phrase = set of one or more words that go together (from grammar) (e.g., subject clause,
Writing Workshop Constructing your College Essay
The Technical Writing Process Lecture-2 ( ) Prepared By: Prepared By: Syed Abrar Hussain Shah.
The Writing Process Introduction Prewriting Writing Revising
PSSA Reading Test.
Understanding the *GHSWT *Georgia High School Writing Test.
Writing a Persuasive Essay
Bring Your Essay: Rewording and Rewriting An English/Reading Workshop Troy University Troy, Alabama.
Bergen Community College © VII. Writing the First Draft From Thesis to Conclusion.
Submitted By: Guriqubal Kaur ( English Teacher) G.S.S.S, Dhangrali (Ropar) Class:9 th Subject: English.
PowerEd Plans Presents
Strategies for Interpreting a Prompt and Succeeding at the In-Class Timed Writing Essay.
English Language Arts Level 7 #44 Ms. Walker
Instructions for using this template. Remember this is Jeopardy, so where I have written “Answer” this is the prompt the students will see, and where.
Writing a Persuasive Essay
Pronunciation Targets. Target 1 Word Stress English speech can be hard to understand if you stress, or emphasize the wrong syllable in a word. COMmunication.
The Art of Revision What is revision? Is it the same as editing? –Revision isn’t simply correcting grammatical errors [editing]. Revision entails rethinking.
How to Evaluate Student Papers Fairly and Consistently.
September 26,  This is noncritical free association to generate as many ideas as possible in a short time.
Curriculum What is it like? A path or course to run in small steps. What is the Purpose? To focus and connect the work of teachers in their classroom.
Language Production: Speaking, Writing, and Bilingualism
ADVERBS!!!!! English & Creative Writing Skills 8 th Grade.
Fragments. Fragments are not complete sentences. What makes a sentence complete?
SQUADS Learning Intentions - Today, I am going to address these College Readiness Standards in English: 1. Conventions of Punctuation 13-15, Topic.
Learning Objective Chapter 6 Business Writing Copyright © 2001 South-Western College Publishing Co. Objectives O U T L I N E Developing Written Documents.
English Writing ——Introduction Chen Dongmei Centre of Curriculum Studies in Basic Education Tel:
Proofreading, Peer Edit with Perfection!. Definition of Proofreading Proofreading is the process of carefully reviewing a text for errors, especially.
Business Communication
NLP ? Natural Language is one of fundamental aspects of human behaviors. One of the final aim of human-computer communication. Provide easy interaction.
The Genre of the End Comment: Conventions in Teacher Responses to Writing by Summer Smith.
Are you ready to play…. Deal or No Deal? Deal or No Deal?
WJEC Exam Unit 1: Reading English in the Daily World.
Year 7 November assessments – Level conversions PointsLevel Writing – total 20 points PointsLevel
Cognitive Processes PSY 334 Chapter 11 – Language Structure June 2, 2003.
Linguistic Anthropology Bringing Back the Brain. What Bloomfield Got “Right” Emphasized spoken language rather than written language The role of the linguist.
February 1 st through 5 th English 4. Monday, February 1 st Snow Day.
Teaching Writing.
 Writing allows us to communicate our thoughts, opinions, and allows us to share our knowledge with others. Our writing also goes to a larger audience.
Instructor Availability AIM address: EleBranch Office Hours: Mondays & Thursdays 9:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. And by appointment.
Bell work: Describe a memorable event, positive or negative, and how it felt to you. Do not name the feeling (show don’t tell). Use all of your five.
Language Production: Speaking, Writing, and Bilingualism Speaking – Production Process – Speech Errors – Producing Discourse – Social Context of Speech.
The Stages of Writing. The Stages of the Writing Process Stage 1 – Prewriting Stage 2 – Drafting Stage 3 – Revising Stage 4 – Proofreading Stage 5 – Final.
1 VII. Writing the First Draft From Thesis to Conclusion.
The Writing Process for Narrative Writing What is a Narrative?  A Narrative is prose that: Tells a story about a real or fictional event Develops a.
Language and Literacy Chapter 9 and 10. Language System of communication used by humans System of communication used by humans Chapter 9.
How to use types of communication
The Writing Process.
7 - Programming 7P, Q, R - Testing.
The Five Paragraph Essay
Sequencing Writing Assignments
Sequencing Writing Assignments
Academic Communication Lesson 2
What writing practices international students bring in EAP programmes
Communicative competence
Writing. writing Do you agree or disagree with the comment made by practising teachers? Writing should be done individually or weaker writers will.
AcDv B80: The Writing Process
The Technical Writing Process
Presentation transcript:

Basic steps in sentence production Start with an idea (meaning) Pick syntax (sentence structure) Pick words Produce a speech utterance (lip movements and sounds) LINEAR MODEL (Fromkin, 1971)

Sample speech utterance “As far as I know, no one yet has done the in a way obvious now and interesting problem of…doing a in a sense a structural frequency study of the alternative…syntactical…in a given language, say, like English, the alternative…possible structures, and how what their hierarchical…probablity of occurrence structure is.”

Real speech Real speech has pauses Real speech has corrections and backtracking Real speech has stuttering or stammering Implication: real speech is not fully planned out before we speak; we plan as we go;  linear model is wrong

“Spooner”-isms You have hissed all my mystery lectures. Intent: You have missed all my history lectures I assure you the insanitary spectre has seen all the bathrooms. Easier for a camel to go through knee of an idol. Named after Rev. Spooner

More spoonerisms The Lord is a shoving leopard to his flock. Take the flea of my cat and heave it at the louse of my mother-in-law. Speech errors –Exchanges of sounds between words

Actual speech production Based on phrases –We plan and produce one phrase at a time— not whole sentences Analysis of pauses in speech –Pauses more likely to occur between phrases than within phrases (Boomer, 1965) –Planning of phrases occurs between uttering phrases Planning includes picking idea, syntax, the specific words

Speech errors Speech errors (exchanges of sounds between words) –Sound exchanges tend to occur within phrases, rather than between phrases –Suggests that any mistakes are localized to one phrase If we planned whole sentences, mistakes could span the whole sentence, but they don’t

More on speech errors Take my bike  bake my bike (an anticipation error) Night life  nife lite (a sound exchange) Beast of burden  burst of beaden (sound exchange) The dancer took my bike  The bancer took my bike (very very unlikely) –Sound exchange would have to occur across phrases (phrase boundaries)

writing Planning, sentence generation, revision

planning Goals of writing –Express knowledge about the topic –Decide on the format of the text –Decide on the technique of writing –To use certain words or phrases that sound appropriate Hayes (1989): amount of planning and quality of planning are correlated with final quality of text

More on planning Outlines are important –People who make outlines first produce better papers (Kellogg, 1988, 1990) How does computer influence the planning process? –People using computers to write less likely to plan (Haas, 1989)

Sentence generation Actual writing –Start with the ideas that were generating during the planning process How much “work” is done to go from the planned ideas (outline) to final text? –Typical final text is 8 times longer than the most elaborate outline

revision Required elements of revision: –Reconsider the goals of the text –Assess how well the text accomplishes your goals –Propose ways to alter text to achieve goals

More on revision Compare writing professionals to first-year college students (Hayes et al., 1987) –All Ss given a poorly written letter to revise and improve –Results: Experts focus on whole text when revising; students focus on 1 sentence at a time Experts focused on organization, transitions; students don’t

More on revision Experts more likely to specifically diagnose a problem with a sentence –College student: “this sentence doesn’t sound right” –Expert: “subject and verb don’t agree in this sentence”