Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems Single Point Moorings Mark Brooks IEng MIIE Business Development Manager for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery

Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery The major business activities of Cosalt: safety & protection Rope – Fibre, Wire & Combination Rigging & Lifting Marine Safety Equipment Life Saving Appliance Servicing Fire Fighting & Inspection “the complete marine service provider”

Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Cosalt: safety & protection Cosalt plc turnover ~ £Stg 151 million Cosalt: Safety & Protection ~ £Stg 35 million 18 UK Businesses in port based locations The markets of Cosalt: safety & protection

Major Rope Constructions 3-Strand 6-Strand Circular Braided - Ultraline 8-Strand 12-Strand Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Double Braided (2-in-1)

Fibres & Ranking Polypropylene Polyester / Nylon Aramid UHMPE Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery

Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Rope Properties – Wear & Tear  Testing rope wear is always machine dependent  Tests can be used to rank materials & rope constructions Static load rope on metal

Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Yarn on Yarn or Rope on rope long lengths chafing against each other: -type of wear (abrasive, melting) -environment (dry, wet) Yarn on metal or Rope on metal long lengths chafing over an object: -type of wear (abrasive, melting) -environment (dry, wet) -protection rope on rope rope on metal Rope Testing - Abrasion

Marine Finish is used to improve the Safe Working Life in marine environment Test conform ASTM D Marine Finish Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery

Advantages of 8-strand rope: + efficient construction + torque-free + easy to handle + easy to splice Points of attention: - yarns can be pulled - in winching: only on a split drum 8-Strand Multiplait Rope Construction Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery

Advantages : better abrasion resistance; smooth surface (strands/yarns will not get caught easily) rope is round : visual aspect easy to use on the winch (no burying because of round construction) non-rotating endless ropes possible very easy to splice ideal for lifting with free end (non rotating + round) 12-Strand Multiplait Rope Construction Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery

Ultraline Construction Rope Construction Typical penetration of UV into rope is 1-2 mm cores cover - Cover not only protects against abrasion, but also UV - Small repairs are possible if inner strength has not been ccompromised – strength will not be affected. - All rope strength is contained within central cores. Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery

Double Braided Construction Rope Construction - Strength is shared 50/50 between braided core and braided cover / sheath - Most common type of rope used for SPM mooring hawsers Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery

Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery OCIMF GUIDELINES Type approval of nylon SPM Hawsers is conducted under the OCIMF 2000 Guidelines, 1 st Edition Major Difference between OCIMF 1987 and OCIMF 2000 Number of tests required Should be repeated every 5 years Larger than 20” ropes are to now be tested Quantification of the behaviour of the marine finish

TCLL values (8 strand): polypropylene52% polyamide (standard)55% steel (laid)60% polyester70% Ultraline® Nylon75% Double Braid Nylon69.1% Deltaflex80% Dyneema> 100% Oil Companies Int. Marine Forum standard fatigue test TCLL is an accelerated fatigue test to obtain a quick comparison between ropes and materials Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery

Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery The effect of different TCLL values is translated back to load levels representative for practical loading conditions (here these are assumed to be less than 40% of the MBL). Following the OCIMF the cyclic fatigue curve is represented as the peak load versus the logarithmic of the cycles to failure. As recommended the cyclic curve is represented by a linear line, going through 1 and the TCLL load value obtained for a cycles. When translating the differences in TCLL to load levels encountered in practical situations, their importance becomes clear. Based on the result for the OCIMF TCLL test a Cosalt/Bexco ULTRALINE BL3 will last some cycles when cycling to 40% of its MBL. A.N. OTHER with a TCLL of 68% will last some cycles for examples, and ropes with a lower TCLL even less cycles

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Typical SPM Assembly - Buoy / FPSO Chafe Chain - Heavy Duty Shackles - Rope Thimbles - Mooring Hawser - FPSO / Shuttle Tanker Chafe Chain - Support Buoy / Pick-up Buoy - Pick-up Ropes / Messenger Lines - Load Monitoring Systems

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Buoy / FPSO & FPSO / Shuttle Tanker Chafe Chains - Vetted & approved suppliers only - ISO 9001/ Close working partnership - Majority is European Manufacture / Far Eastern can be supplied if requested - Production Range 16mm - 120mm Diameter in various grades - Laboratory & testing facilities

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Heavy Duty Shackles & Thimbles - Vetted & approved suppliers only - ISO 9001/ Close working partnership - European Manufacture - Laboratory & testing facilities

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Heavy Duty Shackles - Forged alloy steel - Finish painted / Galvanised - Double nuts & S/S cotter pins - MBL is 5 x SWL

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery SPM Cast Thimble - High strength cast corrosion resistant steel (Galvanised) - Stainless steel - Shackle retaining bar

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Tubular Thimble - Fabricated construction - Mild steel - Finish galvanised / plastic coated

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Bellmouth Thimble - Reusable - Mild steel (galvanised) - Stainless steel

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Mooring Hawsers - Manufactured by BEXCOropes - All hawsers supplied manufactured & supplied to OCIMF Over 8 years experience, SPM hawsers - Reference history Selection of mooring hawser - Repeat loading - OCIMF TCLL value - Abrasion resistance - Energy absorption Constructions available - BL3 Ultraline Nylon - DB12 Double Braid Nylon - DF8 Deltaflex Composite Enhancements - PU coating - Additional protection sleeves - Tubular rope floats

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Support Buoy / Pick-up Buoy - Vetted & approved supplier only - Close working partnership - UK Manufacture Cylindrical Chain Support Buoy - Central steelwork - Galvanised swivel ends - Resiliant closed cell foam

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Support Buoy / Pick-up Buoy - Vetted & approved supplier only - Close working partnership - UK Manufacture Cylindrical Through Chain Support Buoy - Through steel tube - Chain lock plate one end - Resiliant closed cell foam

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Support Buoy / Pick-up Buoy - Vetted & approved supplier only - Close working partnership - UK Manufacture Pick-up Buoy - Fixed eye each end - Central steelwork - Resilient closed cell foam

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Pick-up Ropes / Messenger Lines - Nutech brand - High strength co-polymer yarn - High visibility yellow colour* - Permanent flotation - SG Non-rotating, torque-free rope - Fully UV stabilised - Excellent abrasion resistance - Flexible, easy to handle & splice * other colours available on request Available in 8 or 12 strand construction Also available SPUNSTAPLE POLYPROPYLENE

Components Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Load Monitoring Systems - Vetted & approved suppliers only - ISO 9001/ Close working partnership - European Manufacture - Laboratory & testing facilities Benefits of Load Monitoring - Safe operation - Hawser life prediction - Optimise hawser service life - ‘Bells & whistles’!!

Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Mooring Hawser Supply Manufacturing hawsers since 1997 Active Areas / Representation

Operation & Maintenance Guidelines Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery “To achieve optimum life operators need to develop inspection, handling and maintenance procedures based on local conditions” We are here to help you with this IF THERE IS ANY DOUBT ABOUT THE CONDITION OF A ROPE IT SHOULD BE REJECTED

Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Supporting Documentation FactFile [Bulletin No.14] Offshore Mooring Systems “Total System Management” also on CD-Rom Offshore Mooring Systems /

Cosalt International Limited Fish Dock Road Grimsby N.E. Lincolshire DN31 3NW United Kingdom Telephone 44 (0) Facsimile 44 (0) Cosalt/Bexco Offshore Mooring Systems for operational performance, reliability, safety & on-time delivery Any questions? Photographs courtesy of Bluewater Engineering BV & Geolitel Corporation