By: Logan Stadel

Table of Contents Levers Three Classes of Levers Wheel and Axle Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Pulley More on Pulleys Works Sited

Lever How it works: A free bar that is free to move around a fixed point. The fixed point the ball rotates around is the fulcrum. Mechanical Advantage: Divide that input arm by the output arm

Three Classes of Levers First-Class Lever- used to open paint cans the fulcrum is the inside edge of the paint can Second-Class Lever- the output force is located between the input force and the fulcrum Third-Class Lever- the input force is located between the output force and the fulcrum These classes are based on the locations of the input force, the output force, and the fulcrum. 2nd Class Lever 1st class Lever 3rd Class Lever

Wheel and Axle How it works: A simple machine that consists of two disks or cylinders that, each one with a different radius. Mechanical Advantage: Divide that radius where the input force is exerted by the radius where the output force is exerted. Can have a mechanical advantage of one or less than one. Example: A steering wheel

Inclined Plane How it Works: A slanted surface along which a force moves an object to a different elevation. Mechanical Advantage: The distance along the inclined plane divided by its change in height. Example: The ramp that makes it easier to lift a refrigerator easier to lift into a truck.

Wedge How it Works: A V-shaped object whose sides are two inclined planes sloped toward each other. Mechanical Advantage: A thin wedge of a given length has a greater mechanical advantage than a thick wedge of the same length. Example: A sledgehammer that splits wood apart

Screw How it works: An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. For two screws of the same length, the one whose threads are closer together moves foreword less for each turn of the screw. Mechanical Advantage: Screws that are closer together have a greater ideal mechanical advantage. Example: Nuts and bolts

Pulley How it works: A simple machine that consists of a rope that fits into a groove in a wheel. They produce an output force that is different in size, direction, or both, from that of the input force. Mechanical Advantage: Equal to the number of rope sections supporting the load being lifted. Example: Moving large fabricated parts in factories.

More About Pulleys Fixed Pulleys: Pulley System: * A fixed wheel attached in a fixed location. * Only able to rotate in one place * The direction of the exerted force is changed by a fixed pulley, then the rope lifts the load up as far as you pull down the rope Moveable Pulleys: * Attached to the object being moved rather than to a fixed location. * If you are pulling on the rope on the right with a force of 10 N, the both sides of the rope pull up with the same force of 10 N. Pulley System: * Combining fixed a moveable pulleys into a pulley system, a large mechanical advantage can be achieved * Consists of four segments of supporting rope, ignoring friction all four segments supply a lifting force as strong as the force you exert on the rope. Making the output four times greater than the input force.

Compound Machine How it works: A combination of two or more simple machines that operate together. The output force on one simple machine becomes the input force for another machine. Mechanical Advantage: The sum of all the mechanical advantages of all the simple machines Example: Clock Inside of a clock

Works Sited http://wwwdelivery.superstock.com/WI/223/1613/PC/SuperStock_1613R-12039.jpg http://www.rund-ums-baby.de/family/sarahreith/images/demian/wheelbarrow.jpg http://www.celinesmusic.com/images/SHE%20WORKS%20SWEEPING%20FLOOR.jpg http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/wedge.gif http://www.lkwdpl.org/schools/elempath/machines/banner.gif http://www.bestnutsbolts.com/bnblogo.gif http://images.inmagine.com/168nwm/corbis/crb128/crb128037.jpg