Wildlife Hazard Management ACI-NA CONFERENCE, MARCH 16, 2004

Basic Principle of Physics: no two objects can occupy the same space at the same time. Basic Principle of Physics: no two objects can occupy the same space at the same time. 90% of bird/aircraft strikes occur below 2,000 feet 90% of bird/aircraft strikes occur below 2,000 feet 70+% on approach or departure below 500 feet 70+% on approach or departure below 500 feet Direct correlation with density of bird activity below 2,000 feet, the transition of aircraft through this same space, and the probability of occurrence of a bird/aircraft strike. Direct correlation with density of bird activity below 2,000 feet, the transition of aircraft through this same space, and the probability of occurrence of a bird/aircraft strike.

January 2001 at PDX MD-11 Versus a herring gull (2.5 pounds) Aborted take-off. Engine destroyed. Runway closed for 3.5 hours for debris removal. Damage in the millions. (No loss of life)

NEW & REVISED REGULATORY GUIDANCE [new] MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT [new] MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT FAA and 5 Agencies FAA and 5 Agencies Department level, overarching Department level, overarching [final revised] 14 CFR Part 139 [final revised] 14 CFR Part 139 Effective June, 2004 Effective June, 2004 [draft] AC 150/ [draft] AC 150/ Deadline for comment March 22, 2004 Deadline for comment March 22, 2004

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT TO ADDRESS AIRCRAFT-WILDLIFE STRIKES 6 Federal agencies: FAA FAA US Air Force US Air Force US Army [Corps of Engineers] US Army [Corps of Engineers] EPA EPA USF&W USF&W USDA USDA Purpose Statement: “to coordinate their [respective] missions to more effectively address existing and future environmental conditions contributing to aircraft-wildlife strikes throughout the United States.”

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT Objectives: Objectives: Provide a framework for local/regional coordination Provide a framework for local/regional coordination Establish 3 major areas of collective concern Establish 3 major areas of collective concern Airport siting and expansion [relative to attractants] Airport siting and expansion [relative to attractants] Development of conservation/mitigation habitats or other incompatible land uses on or around airports Development of conservation/mitigation habitats or other incompatible land uses on or around airports Responses to known wildlife hazards or aircraft- wildlife strikes Responses to known wildlife hazards or aircraft- wildlife strikes

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT Recognizes: Recognizes: The need for consistent and collaborative cooperation. The need for consistent and collaborative cooperation. The expertise of signatory agencies to determine the aircraft- wildlife strike potentials of various land uses. The expertise of signatory agencies to determine the aircraft- wildlife strike potentials of various land uses. The need to mitigate for wetland impacts offsite (outside the separation criteria, ref: FAA AC 150/ ). The need to mitigate for wetland impacts offsite (outside the separation criteria, ref: FAA AC 150/ ). Cooperative agency review of proposals to develop or expand wetlands or wildlife refuges within the separation criteria. Cooperative agency review of proposals to develop or expand wetlands or wildlife refuges within the separation criteria. Compliance with separation criteria for new airport construction/expansion. Compliance with separation criteria for new airport construction/expansion. The development of airport specific wildlife hazard management plans. The development of airport specific wildlife hazard management plans. The need to integrate wildlife hazard issues into the NEPA process. The need to integrate wildlife hazard issues into the NEPA process.

MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT The need for compatible land use planning around airports. The need for compatible land use planning around airports. The development of airport specific wildlife hazard management plans. The development of airport specific wildlife hazard management plans. The need to integrate wildlife hazard assessments into the NEPA process. The need to integrate wildlife hazard assessments into the NEPA process. Establishes mechanism for conflict resolution. Establishes mechanism for conflict resolution.

CFR Part

CFR PART Wildlife Hazard Management Final Rule published in the Federal Register Feb 10, 2004 Revision effective June 2004 Revision effective June 2004 Emphasizes importance of “immediate action” Emphasizes importance of “immediate action” Standardizes terminology: Standardizes terminology: [drops “ecological study” in favor of “wildlife hazard assessment” [drops “ecological study” in favor of “wildlife hazard assessment” [drops “bird strike” in favor of “wildlife strike”] [drops “bird strike” in favor of “wildlife strike”] Provides clarification of events that trigger a wildlife hazard assessment Provides clarification of events that trigger a wildlife hazard assessment Multiple strikes Multiple strikes Substantial damage Substantial damage Engine ingestion Engine ingestion Wildlife presence Wildlife presence Establishes contents of wildlife hazard assessment Establishes contents of wildlife hazard assessment Establishes contents of wildlife hazard management plan Establishes contents of wildlife hazard management plan

CFR PART Wildlife Hazard Management Establishes new requirements for: Establishes new requirements for: Education and experience standards for “wildlife damage management biologist” Education and experience standards for “wildlife damage management biologist” Mandatory annual review of wildlife hazard management plan Mandatory annual review of wildlife hazard management plan Incorporates language requiring that an approved wildlife hazard management plan be included in the operator’s ACM Incorporates language requiring that an approved wildlife hazard management plan be included in the operator’s ACM Identifies FAA Advisory Circulars as implementation guidance Identifies FAA Advisory Circulars as implementation guidance

AC 150/ HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS ON OR NEAR AIRPORTS Draft revision, 2 nd review comment period Draft revision, 2 nd review comment period Deadline for comments to FAA: March 22 Deadline for comments to FAA: March 22 Implementation guidance for 14 CFR Implementation guidance for 14 CFR Mandatory for airports receiving Federal grant- in-aid assistance. Establishes importance of compatible land use planning on or near airports. Establishes importance of compatible land use planning on or near airports. Clarifies old language, establishes new criteria. Clarifies old language, establishes new criteria.

AC 150/ HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS Establishes separation criteria on basis of Jet A fuel service 5,000 feet for piston powered aircraft 5,000 feet for piston powered aircraft 10,000 feet for turbine powered aircraft 10,000 feet for turbine powered aircraft Defines “aircraft movement areas” Defines “aircraft movement areas” Clarifies protection of approach, departure and circling airspace – 5 statute miles Clarifies protection of approach, departure and circling airspace – 5 statute miles

AC 150/ HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS Potentially Hazardous Land Uses: Waste Disposal Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Enclosed Trash Transfer Stations Composting operations Underwater waste discharges Recycling centers Construction and demolition debris facilities Fly ash disposal

AC 150/ HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS Water Management: Existing and new storm water facilities New design maximum 48 hour detention Not compatible within the separation criteria: New waste water facilities Artificial marshes Wastewater/sludge disposal

AC 150/ HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS Wetlands: Existing wetlands – potential attractant Existing wetlands – potential attractant New airport development – separation criteria New airport development – separation criteria Mitigation off-site Mitigation off-site Mitigation banking (off-site) Mitigation banking (off-site)

AC 150/ HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS Other potentially incompatible land uses: Dredge spoil containment areas Dredge spoil containment areas Agricultural activities Agricultural activities Golf courses Golf courses Landscaping Landscaping

AC 150/ HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS Incorporates Part procedures for wildlife hazard assessment and management planning Incorporates Part procedures for wildlife hazard assessment and management planning Identifies the need for local coordination Identifies the need for local coordination Establishment of Wildlife Hazards Working Group Establishment of Wildlife Hazards Working Group Establishes categorical exclusion for implementation Establishes categorical exclusion for implementation Integrates assessment of wildlife hazards into the NEPA analysis Integrates assessment of wildlife hazards into the NEPA analysis

In Conclusion……. 3-tiered regulatory framework in support of wildlife hazard management at airports: Overarching inter-agency MOA Overarching inter-agency MOA 14 CFR Part CFR Part FAA Advisory Circular 150/ FAA Advisory Circular 150/ Overall Objective: Minimize wildlife risks to aviation and human safety