Arctic National Wildlife Refuge Alex Wolff Stephanie Wege Laura Hart Bari Greenfeld Shannon Cullen Alex Wolff Stephanie Wege Laura Hart Bari Greenfeld Shannon Cullen

 History of ANWR  Pro-drilling view  Government  Oil companies  Local population  Anti-drilling  Environmentalists  Local Population  History of ANWR  Pro-drilling view  Government  Oil companies  Local population  Anti-drilling  Environmentalists  Local Population

History of ANWR  Arctic National Wildlife Range created by Secretary of the Interior, Fred Andrew Seaton  Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act enlarges protected area and renames ANWR 1)Conserve fish/wildlife populations and habitats 2)Fulfill U.S. international fish/wildlife treaty obligations 3)Provide continued subsistence use by locals 4)Ensure water quality/quantity within Refuge  Arctic National Wildlife Range created by Secretary of the Interior, Fred Andrew Seaton  Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act enlarges protected area and renames ANWR 1)Conserve fish/wildlife populations and habitats 2)Fulfill U.S. international fish/wildlife treaty obligations 3)Provide continued subsistence use by locals 4)Ensure water quality/quantity within Refuge

 1.5 million acres of coastal plain called 1002 area  Mandated studies of natural resources of the area  Congressional authorization required for oil drilling  1.5 million acres of coastal plain called 1002 area  Mandated studies of natural resources of the area  Congressional authorization required for oil drilling

 Managed by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service  Habitat for 36 land mammals, 36 fish, 9 marine mammals, 160 bird species  Five ecological regions  Coastal marine  Coastal plain  Alpine tundra  Forest-tundra transition  Boreal forest

Pro-drilling Government view  anywhere from 6 to 16 billion barrels would decrease middle east reliance  Creation of jobs  At $100/barrel, would eliminate $1.6 billion in imported oil  Federal revenue would increase $4.2 billion in five years  $ billion over life of project  Most of proposed oil located in west near already established oil fields  anywhere from 6 to 16 billion barrels would decrease middle east reliance  Creation of jobs  At $100/barrel, would eliminate $1.6 billion in imported oil  Federal revenue would increase $4.2 billion in five years  $ billion over life of project  Most of proposed oil located in west near already established oil fields

 Fifty miles from mountains  No trees, deep water lakes  No sunlight for 56 days a year .01% of ANWR land would be drilled  20% of our daily consumption  ice roads would be used, would melt in spring  Prudhoe Bay oilfields within Central Arctic Herd area, where herds have increased from 5,000 in 1977 when oil drilling began to 31,000 today  Fifty miles from mountains  No trees, deep water lakes  No sunlight for 56 days a year .01% of ANWR land would be drilled  20% of our daily consumption  ice roads would be used, would melt in spring  Prudhoe Bay oilfields within Central Arctic Herd area, where herds have increased from 5,000 in 1977 when oil drilling began to 31,000 today

Local Support  Inupiat of Kaktovik  Only village within boundaries of ANWR  More westernized than other locals  Represents opportunity for economic growth  Add jobs and increase standard of living  Concerned that drilling could affect hunting and fishing abilities  Inupiat of Kaktovik  Only village within boundaries of ANWR  More westernized than other locals  Represents opportunity for economic growth  Add jobs and increase standard of living  Concerned that drilling could affect hunting and fishing abilities

Oil Companies  profit potential $$$  Surprisingly, however, most big oil companies have pulled out of lobbying for ANWR drilling

Environmentalist Opposition  would affect animal population migration patterns  No requirement that 2,000 acres be contiguous  Companies would have right to drill anywhere  Roads, etc. would have to be built to get oil out  Porcupine and Central Arctic herd  Use area to give birth and raise young  Polar bears, grizzly bears, and countless bird species use area for breeding and feeding  would affect animal population migration patterns  No requirement that 2,000 acres be contiguous  Companies would have right to drill anywhere  Roads, etc. would have to be built to get oil out  Porcupine and Central Arctic herd  Use area to give birth and raise young  Polar bears, grizzly bears, and countless bird species use area for breeding and feeding

Long-billed dowitcher Green-winged teal Peregrine falcon

 Oil would take ten years to hit market  Even at peak production, would only be 3% of US oil consumption  If used as 5% of US daily consumption, would last around 12 years  If used as 100%, would last around a year  Would cause around 1 cent drop of price for a gallon of gasoline  BP, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco have pulled out (oil companies don’t even want to drill there)  Takes focus off of real problem, our overconsumption issues and lack of sustainability  THE ANIMALS!  Oil would take ten years to hit market  Even at peak production, would only be 3% of US oil consumption  If used as 5% of US daily consumption, would last around 12 years  If used as 100%, would last around a year  Would cause around 1 cent drop of price for a gallon of gasoline  BP, ConocoPhillips, and ChevronTexaco have pulled out (oil companies don’t even want to drill there)  Takes focus off of real problem, our overconsumption issues and lack of sustainability  THE ANIMALS!

Local Opposition  Gwich’in, live further south  Rely heavily on hunting, fishing, and whaling  Rely mostly on porcupine caribou who rely on coastal plain in ANWR  Have heavily opposed drilling with protests and lobbying  Present evidence that not everyone around the area is on board  Gwich’in, live further south  Rely heavily on hunting, fishing, and whaling  Rely mostly on porcupine caribou who rely on coastal plain in ANWR  Have heavily opposed drilling with protests and lobbying  Present evidence that not everyone around the area is on board

Important Notes  Each side will use numbers that support their claims more directly  “If you torture data long enough, they’ll admit to anything”  Each claim has a counterclaim  Ie. Gwich’in sold their land for oil exploration in the 1980s and now they oppose drilling in ANWR, where they don’t even live  Fields will affect animals vs. other areas drill already and animal populations have grown over time  Each side will use numbers that support their claims more directly  “If you torture data long enough, they’ll admit to anything”  Each claim has a counterclaim  Ie. Gwich’in sold their land for oil exploration in the 1980s and now they oppose drilling in ANWR, where they don’t even live  Fields will affect animals vs. other areas drill already and animal populations have grown over time

Current Developments  2000, passed by Hour of Representatives  Rejected by Senate in 2002  2005, passed by Senate as part of federal budget resolution  Removed during reconciliation process by Democrats in House who signed a letter pledging to reject anything including ANWR drilling  2005, drilling amendment attached to defense spending bill  Group of Democratic senators successfully filibustered bill  Currently still unable to drill there  2000, passed by Hour of Representatives  Rejected by Senate in 2002  2005, passed by Senate as part of federal budget resolution  Removed during reconciliation process by Democrats in House who signed a letter pledging to reject anything including ANWR drilling  2005, drilling amendment attached to defense spending bill  Group of Democratic senators successfully filibustered bill  Currently still unable to drill there

 As of three days ago, President Bush held a press conference urging Congress to open ANWR  Chastised House and Senate, making claims of lower gas prices and reduced reliance on middle East for energy  As of three days ago, President Bush held a press conference urging Congress to open ANWR  Chastised House and Senate, making claims of lower gas prices and reduced reliance on middle East for energy