1 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES Rocky Mountain Steel Construction Association Structural Engineers Association of Colorado Structural Engineers Association of Colorado Steel Liaison Committee

2 Past products from SEAC and RMSCA 1.AESS Guidelines – Prepared to assist in defining finishing and cost issues associated with AESS Steel 2.Input for the 2005 AISC Code of Standard Practice 3.Checklist for Structural Design Drawings 4.Pre-Detailing Meeting Agenda/Checklist 5.Current project: Improving the Shop Drawing Process

3 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES ENGINEERING TOLERANCE CONSTRUCTABILITY

4 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES consulting structural engineer = EOR architect = AOR

5 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES EOR’s primary role(s) design team member assist the AOR with issues that involve engineering prime design team contact to the structural steel detailer insures the completed structure is safe and performs as expected

6 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES information gathering AOR to determine skin type AOR to coordinate application with the EOR EOR to insure structural adequacy at exterior wall interface EOR to define connection between exterior wall and structural frame

7 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES what is the goal?  produce clear information on the design documents  assure all parties know who is responsible for what aspect of the design  meet with fabricators, erectors and exterior wall suppliers  insure that the GC understands the desired final expectations

8 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES illustrate the eccentricities for which the steel frame is designed and/or the eccentricities for which the exterior wall must be designed

9 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES keeping the column line pushed out as far as possible could result in cost savings to the owner

10 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES check points if possible, move the column line outward understand the exterior wall system and the desired interface with the structural frame meet with fabricators, erectors and exterior wall suppliers understand the tolerances involved with the project

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13 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES 3 : the allowable deviation from a standard; especially : the range of variation permitted in maintaining a specified dimension

14 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES the range of variation permitted in maintaining a specified dimension 3 : the allowable deviation from a standard; especially :

15 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES the range of variation permitted in maintaining a specified dimension

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18 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES design team may not know WHO

19 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES owner retains consultants contract documents progress general contractor is retained steel and exterior wall subs are secured

20 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES design team issues DD contract documents general contractor releases DD docs for bid design team issues CD’s general contractor has steel sub under contract design team issues 100% CD’s general contractor releases steel sub to proceed with detailing

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22 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES general contractor detailing approval steel sub starts project begins steel to be purchased steel frame critical path

23 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES steel frame critical path ? ?

24 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES submittal schedule approval dwgs shop dwgs Sub’s RFI’s erection sched coordination of design must happen of

25 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES clear intent predictable

26 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES leveling the playing field preparation

27 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES section 6.4 “fabrication tolerance”

28 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES steel tolerance sweep roll camber

29 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES section 7.5 “installation of anchor rods foundation bolts and other embedded items”

30 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES section 7.12 “structural steel frame tolerance”

31 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES section 7.13 “erection tolerances”

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33 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES section shall “in the design of steel structures, the owners designated representative for design shall provide for the necessary clearance and adjustments for material furnished by other trades to accommodate the mill tolerance, fabrication tolerances and erection tolerance as accepted in this Code for the Structural Steel frame.”

34 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES responsibility

35 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES suggested details dimensions and usage of tolerances

36 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES section 7.5 installation of anchor rods, foundation bolts and other embedded items -associated AISC tolerances- section 6.4 fabrication tolerance section 7.13 erection tolerances section 7.12 structural steel frame tolerances

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38 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES 2005 AISC code of standard practice -section “the accumulation of the mill tolerance and the fabrication tolerances shall not cause the erection tolerance to be exceeded”

39 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES 2005 AISC code of standard practice -section “erection tolerances shall be defined relative to the member working points and working lines”

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41 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES the more understanding the design team has of the interface of the structural frame to the exterior wall system, tolerance will become a useful tool and not a problem for the construction team

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46 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES has or das will need to be field installed appropriate flange width fewer restrictions at the roof

47 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES project success

48 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES good communications heroes are rewarded if proper attention is given review and understand structural framing system to control cost select edge materials that will perform with the exterior wall system

49 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES edge materials that account for tolerance variations clearly show all necessary offset dimensions on the design documents use the AISC code of standard practice, ASTM and experiences of the construction team

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51 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES ENGINEERING TOLERANCE CONSTRUCTABILITY

52 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES CONSTRUCTABILITY brief history of project evolution EOR drawing process recommendations

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56 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION PRIOR TO 1950’S 1. ARCHITECT – MASTER BUILDER 2. DRAWINGS – DRAWN IN INK ON LINEN & VERY DETAILED 3. STRUCTURE INCLUDED IN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RECTANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

57 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION PRIOR TO 1950’S 7. GC’S SELF PERFORMED ALL OF THE WORK 5. EXTERIOR MATERIALS – LIMITED TO STONE, MASONRY, AND PUNCHED WOOD WINDOWS 6. FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS – WOOD OR CONCRETE

58 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 1950’S – 1960’S 1. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS EXPANDED TO INCLUDE STRUCTURAL STEEL, STEEL JOISTS AND PRECAST CONCRETE 2. STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS BECAME SEPARATE DOCUMENTS 3. STRUCTURE INCLUDED IN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

59 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 1950’S – 1960’S 3. GC’S STARTED BROKERING WORK OUT TO SUBCONTRACTORS 4. STEEL SHOP DRAWING PREPARATION BY IN- HOUSE ENGINEERS 3. STRUCTURE INCLUDED IN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

60 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 1970’S 1. BEGINNING OF MORE COMPLEX EXTERIOR WALL SYSTEMS 2. DRAWINGS PREPARED ON MYLAR AND PIN- BAR SYSTEM 3. COMBINATION OF STRUCTURAL AND EXTERIOR WALL SYSTEMS INCREASED 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

61 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 1980’S 1. ADVENT OF CAD 2. BUILDING COMPLEXITY SKYROCKETS 3. MORE EXTERIOR WALL SYSTEM CHOICES 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

62 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 1980’S 4. GC LOYALTY TO SUBCONTRACTORS STARTS TO DIMINISH 5. EOR SELECTION SHIFTS FROM QUALIFICATION TO FEE BASIS 6. STEEL SUBCONTRACTORS START CUTBACK OF SHOP DRAWING STAFF AND BEGIN TO OUTSOURCE 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

63 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 1990’S 1. BUILDING SHAPES AND EXTERIOR SKINS FURTHER EVOLVE INTO UNTESTED CONSTRUCTION 2. EOR & SUBCONTRACTOR SELECTION BASED ON LOW DOLLARS 3. “GIVE & TAKE” ATMOSPHERE OF CONSTRUCTION BEGINS TO ERODE 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

64 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 1990’S 4. GC LOYALTY TO SUBCONTRACTORS IS RARELY SEEN 5. COMPETITION FOR LOWER COST FORCES LESSER QUALITY DOCUMENTS 6. TECHNOLOGY EXPLOSION LEAVES EXPERIENCE ON THE SIDELINE 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

65 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 1990’S 7. COORDINATION OF DOCUMENTS WITH OTHER TRADES WANES 8. STEEL SUBCONTRACTORS OUTSOURCE MAJORITY OF SHOP DRAWING PREPARATION 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

66 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 2000’S 1. SUBCONTRACTOR COMPETITION IS INTENSE, SO REPEAT WORK IS DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN 2. TIGHT MARGINS FORCE LESS “GIVE & TAKE” 3. SHOP DRAWINGS ARE DIFFICULT TO PREPARE 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

67 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 2000’S 4. LOWER CONSULTANT FEES AND TIGHT SCHEDULES RESULT IN LESS COMPLETE DOCUMENTS 5. GC REACTION – CM, NEGOTIATE IN ORDER TO HELP CONTROL DESIGN & COST 6. ARCHITECTURAL EXPERIENCE LEVEL IN PREPARING DOCUMENTS DROPS 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

68 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES BRIEF HISTORY OF PROJECT EVOLUTION 2000’S 7. TIMELY, BUILDABLE INPUT FROM ARCHITECT TO SER DROPS OFF RESULTING IN INCOMPLETE COORDINATION OF DRAWINGS 8. MIX OF EXTERIOR WALL SYSTEMS INCREASES 9. EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION TRADED FOR 4. BUILDING SHAPES – RETANGULAR, 1-3 STORIES

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70 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES EOR DRAWING PROCESS 1. SCHEMATIC DRAWINGS PROVIDED BY ARCHITECT TO EOR 2. EOR FRAMES BUILDING 3. TYPICAL EDGE CONDITIONS ARE DEVELOPED BY EOR BASED ON IDEAS BY ARCHITECT 4. AS ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS DEVELOP, EOR ADJUSTS STRUCTURAL DOCUMENTS

71 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES RECOMMENDATIONS 1. EOR MUST ASSIST ARCHITECT WITH CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES AS DOCUMENTS ARE DEVELOPED 2. EOR SHOULD SEEK CONSTRUCTABILITY INPUT FROM AFFECTED TRADES AS DOCUMENTS ARE PREPARED 3. FABRICATOR SHOULD IDENTIFY CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES UPFRONT 4. AS ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS DEVELOP, SER ADJUSTS STRUCTURAL DOCUMENTS 4. THE GC MUST COORDINATE CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES BETWEEN TRADES

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75 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES RECOMMENDATIONS 1. EOR MUST ASSIST ARCHITECT WITH CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES AS DOCUMENTS ARE DEVELOPED 2. EOR SHOULD SEEK CONSTRUCTABILITY INPUT FROM AFFECTED TRADES AS DOCUMENTS ARE PREPARED 3. FABRICATOR SHOULD IDENTIFY CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES UPFRONT 4. AS ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS DEVELOP, SER ADJUSTS STRUCTURAL DOCUMENTS 4. THE GC MUST COORDINATE CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES BETWEEN TRADES

76 STEEL BUILDING EXTERIOR WALL INTERFACE ISSUES RECOMMENDATIONS 5. FABRICATOR MUST PARTICIPATE IN COORDINATION OF AFFECTED TRADES 6. EOR & ARCHITECT NEED TO ACCOMMODATE CONSTRUCABILITY ISSUES THAT ARISE DURING CONSTRUCTION 7. TIMELY PRE-CONSTRUCTION MEETINGS ARE ESSENTIAL 8. CONSULTANTS MUST GET FIELD EXPERIENCE

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