4.3 state succession Article in the Vienna Convention on the Succession of State in Respect of Treaties 1978 （ VCS ）《关于国家在条 约方面继承的维也纳公约》

① "clean slate" rule The newly independent post-colonial states are subject to it, such that the new state does not inherit the treaty obligations of the colonial power (article 16).

② inheritance or non- inheritance personal treaty Common Defendence Political ones Neutral status Boundary ones navigation non-military aid non-personal/dispositional treaty

③ Succession in respect of part of territory When part of the territory of a State, not being part of the territory of that State, becomes part of the territory of another State:(a) treaties of the predecessor State cease to be in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates from the date of the succession of States; and

(b) treaties of the successor State are in force in respect of the territory to which the succession of States relates from the date of the succession of States, unless it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty to that territory would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

④ Article 31 Effects of a uniting of States in respect of treaties in force at the date of the succession of States 1.When two or more States unite and so form one successor State, any treaty in force at the date of the succession of States in respect of any of them continues in force in respect of the successor State unless:(a) the successor State and the other State party or States Parties otherwise agree; or

(b) it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that the application of the treaty in respect of the successor State would be incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty or would radically change the conditions for its operation.

⑤ Article 34 Succession of States in cases of separation of parts of a State 1.When a part or parts of the territory of a State separate to form one or more States, whether or not the predecessor State continues to exist: (a) any treaty in force at the date of the succession of States in respect of the entire territory of the predecessor State continues in force in respect of each successor State so formed;

(b) any treaty in force at the date of the succession of States in respect only of that part of the territory of the predecessor State which has become a successor State continues in force in respect of that successor State alone.

4.3.2 succession of property and debt Vienna Convention on succession of states in respect of state property, archives and debt 关于 国家对国家财产、档案和债务的 继承的维也纳公约

Odious debts are those contracted against the interests of the population of a state, without consent, and with the full awareness of the creditor. The doctrine stipulates that in such cases, the debt is odious under international law and unenforceable against the alleged debtor state.

08/33. 甲国与乙国 1992 年合并为一个新国家丙国。 此时，丁国政府发现，原甲国中央政府、甲国南 方省，分别从丁国政府借债 3000 万美元和 2000 万 美元。同时，乙国元首以个人名义从丁国的商业 银行借款 100 万美元，用于乙国 1991 年救灾。上 述债务均未偿还。甲乙丙丁四国没有关于甲乙两 国合并之后所涉债务事项的任何双边或多边协议。 根据国际法中有关原则和规则，下列哪一选项是 正确的？ 08/33. 甲国与乙国 1992 年合并为一个新国家丙国。 此时，丁国政府发现，原甲国中央政府、甲国南 方省，分别从丁国政府借债 3000 万美元和 2000 万 美元。同时，乙国元首以个人名义从丁国的商业 银行借款 100 万美元，用于乙国 1991 年救灾。上 述债务均未偿还。甲乙丙丁四国没有关于甲乙两 国合并之后所涉债务事项的任何双边或多边协议。 根据国际法中有关原则和规则，下列哪一选项是 正确的？

A. 随着一个新的国际法主体丙国 的出现，上述债务均已自然消除 B. 甲国中央政府所借债务转属丙 国政府承担 C. 甲国南方省所借债务转属丙国 政府承担 D. 乙国元首所借债务转属丙国政 府承担