Terms cont’d. Dynamics. Relative loudness or softness of a sound. A trumpet soft is still louder than an acoustic guitar played loud!

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Presentation transcript:

Terms cont’d. Dynamics

Relative loudness or softness of a sound. A trumpet soft is still louder than an acoustic guitar played loud!

Decibel A measurement of volume. Not relative like musical dynamics, but objective.

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Auditory threshold at 1 kHz 0 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Light leaf rustling, calm breathing 10 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Very calm room dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Normal conversation at 1 m dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Washing machine, dish washer dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level TV (set at home level) at 1 m approx. 60 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Handheld electric mixer 65 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Passenger car at 10 m dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Hearing damage (over long-term exposure, need not be continuous) 85 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Traffic on a busy roadway at 10 m dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Jack hammer at 1 m approx. 100 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Jet engine at 100 m dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Hearing damage (possible) approx. 120 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Vuvuzela horn at 1 m 120 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Threshold of pain 130 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Jet engine at 30 m 150 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level M1 Garand rifle being fired at 1 m 168 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level rifle being fired 1 m to shooter's side 171 dB (peak)

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Rocket launch equipment acoustic tests ~165 dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Stun grenades dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Theoretical limit for undistorted sound at 1 atmosphere environmental pressure ~ dB

SPL - Sound Pressure Level Shockwave (distorted sound waves > 1 atm; waveform valleys are clipped at zero pressure) >194 dB

Musical Dynamics A piece of music may change in dynamic level throughout. Live music is especially good for hearing dynamics. Subtle variations in a performance by musicians, being sensitive to the sounds around them.

Musical Dynamics A recording on CD is also excellent for capturing dynamics, as the available dynamic range is far better than on other recording media (tapes, records, and other analog formats).

Compression Radio and mp3 formats are not ideal for hearing dynamics. The recording is modified with Compression. Compression “squeezes” the dynamic levels, making loud sounds softer, and soft sounds louder.

Compression

Normalize A way of modifying sound to “ peak ” at the maximum volume. Analysis of a computer sound byte will display the current volume level, as well as show the maximum potential volume before distortion / clipping / overload.

Normalize BeforeAfter Add compression

The Loudness Wars The movement in audio recording and production that strives to get the most audio density into each recording. Record a sound, compress it, normalize it, compress it, normalize it, compress it, etc. Eliminates the distinction between loud and soft - everything is loud or “ hot ”.