The New Nation

George Washington as President Cabinet Choices John Adams, Vice - President Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury Henry Knox, Secretary of War

Federalists vs. Republicans Alexander Hamilton Wanted strong federal government Loose interpretation of Constitution Supported by landowners, investors, manufacturers Thomas Jefferson Strong state and local governments Strict interpretation of the Constitution Supported by farmers and tradesmen

The John Adams’ Presidency Electoral votes of 1796: Adams (Federalist) 71 electoral votes Jefferson (Republican) 68 electoral votes (became VP according to constitution) Many immigrants backed the Republican party and vocal critics of Adams

The Alien and Sedition Acts Raised residency requirement from 5 to 14 years Allowed president to imprison or deport an alien “dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States” Could impose fines and imprisonment for anyone expressing “false, scandalous, and malicious statements” against the government Resulted in the prosecution and imprisonment of many Republican editors, publishers, and politicians Also brought down the Federalist Party in the election of 1800.

The Election of 1800 Republicans: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr Federalists: John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney Jefferson and Burr tie (runner-up to be VP) House of Reps voted 36 times before electing Jefferson president Resulted in the 12th Amendment (separate tickets for Pres. & VP

2nd Approach to painting Analysis ARTIST A= Artifact or Author R = Reason T = To Whom or Type I = Immediate Consequences or Effects S = Subsequent Impact T = Time Period

Artist Unknown. The Providential Detection 1797-1800 www. loc Artist Unknown. The Providential Detection 1797-1800 www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefffed.html

Depiction of Thomas Jefferson, “The Providential Detection”

God and an American eagle attempt to prevent him from destroying the United States Constitution.

Jefferson's alleged attack on George Washington and John Adams in the form of a letter to Philip Mazzei falls from Jefferson's pocket.

Thomas Jefferson kneels before the altar of Gallic despotism He is depicted as about to fling a document labeled "Constitution & Independence U.S.A." into the fire fed by the flames of radical writings. Jefferson is supported by Satan, the writings of Thomas Paine, and the French philosophers.

The Revolution of 1800 Jefferson viewed the presidential election of 1800, which won him the presidency, as a second American Revolution. That it was not effected by the sword, but by the rational and peaceable instrument of reform, the suffrage of the people. The nation declared it's will by dismissing functionaries of one principle, and electing those of another in the two branches, executive and legislative. (Thomas Jefferson to Spencer Roane, September 6, 1819, Manuscript letter from www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefffed.html)