 Objective: Learn how Britain defeated France and her native allies. Understand how the conflict led to growing tension between Britain and her colonies.

European Claims in North America The dramatic results of the British victory in the Seven Years (French and Indian) War are vividly demonstrated in these maps, which depict the abandonment of French claims to the mainland after the Treaty of Paris in Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Identify characteristics of Spanish Colonies Identify characteristics of English Colonies Identify characteristics of French Colonies

SPAINFRENCH(Dutch)ENGLAND Govt. supports colony Gold & God Plantations Conquer (Conquistadors/ Mestizos) Nominal Govt. support Trade Outposts/Forts Native Alliances Collaborative Private Corporations Settlements Colonies Punitive Conflict No mixing/ separation.destruction

 French colonies differed from the English  How???  By 1760, New France had grown to 80,000  English colonies had over 1 million!  Used the land for economic means  Developed a good relationship with the Natives

 Fr. Marquette, SJ – 1 st European to explore great lakes and Mississippi  1749, Virginia speculators in Ohio Company claim 500,000 acres in Ohio Valley  1754, George Washington, surveyor, leads 150 Virginia Militiamen to resists French movement on Ohio, esp. For Duquesne  Washington loses Fort Necessity

 France and Spain frequently ally against Britain  France allies with Native Americans, guerrilla style conflict in New World  French and Indian War,  Note: Acadians

The Seven Years War in America After experiencing major defeats early in the war, Anglo-American forces turned the tide against the French by taking Fort Duquesne in late 1757 and Louisbourg in After Canada fell in 1760, the fighting shifted to Spain's Caribbean colonies. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

 1755 Gen. Braddock, 2,000 men march on Fort Duquesne  Mix of colonial militia and Regulars  Braddock’s slow moving forces decimated by French and Indian forces, flanking  Frontier goes up in flames, Indian raiding parties move uncontested  Britian’s invasion of Canada, 1756, fails

 Ambush Ambush

 1757, Pitt becomes leader in Parliament  1758, Pitt organizes attacks on Montreal & Quebec, Louisbourg  1758 Fort Duquesne falls, renamed Pittsburgh  Pitt puts James Wolfe in charge of taking Quebec  Montcalm defends Quebec for France  1759 Quebec falls, Wolfe and Montcalm killed  Battle for Quebec is one of most significant engagements in British and American history  Montreal falls

The Seven Years War in America After experiencing major defeats early in the war, Anglo-American forces turned the tide against the French by taking Fort Duquesne in late 1757 and Louisbourg in After Canada fell in 1760, the fighting shifted to Spain's Caribbean colonies. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

 France thrown off continent entirely  Spain given possession of New Orleans and trans-Mississippi Louisiana  Spain loses Florida, regains Cuba  Great Britain dominant in North America and at sea  Friction growing b/w Britain and Colonials  Growing smuggling  Colonies fail to unite  Pontiac’s Rebellion – Increasing tension with N. Americans  Cost of War leads to increasing friction with Britain

European Settlements and Indian tribes 1750

 Line of Demarcation 1763 inhibits movement west!!! This angers Colonials greatly.  10,000 British troops stationed in colony  Quartering of troops angers colonists  British troops = $$$$  George Grenville becomes Prime Minister in 1763  Writs of Assistance  1764 Sugar Act  Seeds of Rebellion

WHO: Passed by George Grenville, British Prime Minister WHAT:  Halved duties on molasses (to discourage smuggling)  Created new duties on imports (to raise more $)  Smuggling cases now to be heard in British Admiralty Courts, not colonial courts with colonial juries WHEN: 1764 WHERE: British Colonies WHY: Britain needed money to pay her huge debt from the French and Indian War and on-going cost of protecting the Frontier.

CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY PEACE? 1763

Wash. defeated FL now British Braddock defeated Ft. Duquesne falls Quebec falls CONFLICT IN THE OHIO VALLEY PEACE? 1763 France leaves Am. Montreal falls Pitt takes charge

 George Washington  French and Indian War  William Pitt  Pontiac  Proclamation of 1763  George Grenville  Sugar Act