Do Now With 2-3 peers that are sitting next to you, create a list of things that make up poetry. If you have any prior knowledge of poetic terminology be sure to include it! Be prepared to discuss your list with the class.

Terms to Know: Poetry

Rhythm A pattern of stressed and unstressed sounds in poetry. Poets use rhythm to create pleasurable sound patterns and to reinforce meanings. Question: How might rhythm be used to reinforce meaning in a poem?

Rhyme Repetition of accented vowel sounds, and all sounds following them, in words that are close together in a poem. End rhymes are rhymes that occur at the end of lines. Internal rhymes are rhymes that occur within a line of poetry. Near rhymes are imperfect rhymes, like bitter and filter. Note task: Think of at least 3 rhyming words and include them with your definition.

Rhyme Scheme The pattern of rhymes in a poem. Rhyme schemes are charted in a poem by using a different letter of the alphabet for each rhyme. Examples: abab cdcd or abba cddc Note task: Chart the rhyme scheme of this short poem: Old Mary My last defense Is the present tense. It little hurts me now to know I shall not go Cathedral-hunting in Spain Nor cherrying in Michigan or Maine.

Consonance Repetition of identical consonant sounds preceded by different vowel sounds in a grouping or series of words. Example: home, same, time

Assonance Repetition of similar vowel sounds that are followed by different consonant sounds in a group or series of words. Example: base, fade, pain

Alliteration Repetition of the same or very similar consonant sounds at the beginning of words in a group or series. Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Question: Can you think of another familiar example of alliteration?

Onomatopoeia Words that represent sounds. Examples: Swoosh Bang Pop Crack bam

Imagery Language that appeals to the senses and creates a mental picture.

Simile Figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, using a word such as like, as, resembles, or than. Note Task: Write down a few examples of similes that you can think of or are suggested by your classmates.

Metaphor Figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things, in which one thing becomes another thing without the using like, as, than, or resembles. Note Taking Task: Write down a few examples of metaphors that you can think of or are suggested by your classmates.

Personification Giving inanimate object (non-living thing) human qualities Example – The tea pot whistled. Note Task: Think of at least one other example of personification

Lines and Stanzas A Line is the most basic unit of poetry, and can be measured in feet, a unit for describing the number of and arrangement of syllables in a line. A Stanza is a group of consecutive lines in a poem that form a single unit. Similar to a paragraph in prose.

Scansion The process of measuring the stresses in a line of verse in order to determine the metrical pattern of the line.

Meter Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry. Helps to create a flow in the language, and can contribute to the musical sound of some poems. Question: Can you detect the meter in the following lines? The badger turns and drives them all away Though scarcely half as big, dimute and small He fights with dogs for hours and beats them all The heavy mastiff savage in the fray

Langston Hughes With a partner, read and answer the questions for “Harlem” by Langston Hughes. Be prepared to discuss.