Chapter 10 - Race/Ethnicity Race - people who share inherited physical characteristics and who are perceived as being part of a group Mongloids Negroids Caucoids

Ethnicity - cultural characteristics that distinguish Ethnicity - cultural characteristics that distinguish one group from another ex. German, Irish, Swedish

Physical/cultural characteristics unequal treatment Minority Group - share physical or cultural characteristics that result in inequality Physical/cultural characteristics unequal treatment ascribed status (born into) strong bond and group loyalty endogamy - marry within the group ***Numbers are not the reason!!!

Discrimination - denial of equal treatment based on group membership Legal discrimination - upheld by law ex. apartheid ex. prior to civil rights movement Institutionalized discrimination - outgrowth of the structure of society ex. denied access to employment, housing, busing Prejudice - unsupported generalization where an individual develops an attitude about a group ex. I don't like blondes because they're dumb

Racism - belief one's race is superior to others Robert K. Merton 1. active bigot - prejudice and openly discriminates 2. timid bigot - prejudice but afraid to discriminate because of society 3. fair-weather liberal - not prejudice but discriminates because of society 4. all-weather liberal - not prejudice and won't discriminate Self-fulfilling prophecy - prediction that results in behavior that makes the prediction come true

ex. blondes, women drivers Sources of discrimination and prejudice Stereotypes - oversimplified, exaggerated, or unfavorable generalization about a group of people ex. blondes, women drivers **if overcome stereotype, seen as an exception rather than proof stereotype is wrong Scapegoating - placing blame for own problems on innocent group/individual ex. blame teacher, school shootings

James Byrd Jr. June 7, 1998, Byrd, 49, father of three, was driven into an East Texas forest, beaten, then chained at the ankles and dragged for three miles, until his head was torn off by the jagged edge of a roadside concrete culvert. John William King and two other men are accused of chaining James Byrd Jr to the back of a pickup truck and dragging him almost three miles. Prosecutors said Byrd was alive and conscious until the bumpy logging road tore his body apart.

Matthew Shepard Laramie, Wyo., 21-year-old gay college student Matthew Shepard was brutally beaten, tied to a fence and left for dead. He was found 18 hours later and rushed to the hospital, where he lingered on the edge of death for nearly five days before succumbing to his injuries

difference between degrees of power *competition for scarce resources Social environment difference between degrees of power *competition for scarce resources

cultural pluralism - each group within society keeps unique identity Patterns of treatment assimilation - blending of culturally distinct group into a single group with common culture cultural pluralism - each group within society keeps unique identity Legal protection ex. affirmative action, civil rights movement, hate crimes Population transfer ex. reservations, Bosnia

Subjugation - maintaining control over a group through force Patterns continued Subjugation - maintaining control over a group through force slavery, prisons, women Segregation - physical separation of a minority group from dominant group De jure segregation - based on law ex. Jim Crow "separate but equal" De facto segregation - informal separation ex. neighborhoods - steering

Genocide - intentional destruction of the entire targeted population Patterns continued Genocide - intentional destruction of the entire targeted population ex. Hitler, Bosnia, Rwanda

Armenia Sudan

Srebrenica

Rwanda