2.2 An English Settlement at Jamestown Objective: Learn the reasons for English Settlement at Jamestown Understand how Jamestown survived and the sources of conflict with Native Americans

Europeans in North America First European to North America –Vikings (c. 1001) First English settlement –Roanoke 1587 (Walter Raleigh, Croatoan) Oldest English Colony –Jamestown 1607 Oldest European Colony –St. Augustine 1565 (Spain: de Aviles)

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I (By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate) Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I (By kind permission of the Marquess of Tavistock and Trustees of the Bedford Estate) Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Jamestown Disastrous start –D–Disease, starvation, and thoughts of gold (Sp. Model) Virginia Co. Investors wanted quick return –J–January 1608 only 38 of 150 survived John Smith –T–Took control of the settlement Work or get out –H–Help of the Powhatan (Pocahontas story) –T–Turned colony around October 1609 gunpowder accident=Starving time (winter 1609) June 1610: 600 more Colonists sent to Jamestown (De La Warr/Rolfe) –R–Reaction of the Powhatan (less helpful/raids: WHY?)

Jamestown images: why here? ++

Fate of Jamestown After starving time, colonists wanted to leave –They were convinced to stay and work Forced, beaten and hung –Grew into a profitable company, why? Tobacco, AKA “Brown Gold” (John Rolfe)(John Rolfe) “Headright” system / Indentured servants –Result : Class Conflict African laborers –Arrived in 1619 Initially treated as Indentured servants Benefits: Price and resistance to disease less indentured servants available –By late 1600’s less indentured servants available –Bacon Effect?

List some of the problems encountered by the English colonists at Roanoke and Jamestown:

Compare and Contrast Headright System, Indentured Servants, and African Slaves PAGES HeadrightServantsSlaves

Map: European Settlements and Indians, European Settlements and Indian tribes 1750

Map: Early Chesapeake Settlement Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Q: How was the English pattern of conquest different from that of the Spanish? A: Both used conquest, but the English did not intermarry with the Native Americans, did not attempt to convert them, and were not successful in making them into slaves.

Anglo-Powhatan Wars in VA 1614 Peace- Pocahontas & John Rolfe marry 1622, 347 settlers killed, incl. John Rolfe 1624 Made a royal colony by King James I –More soldiers and settlers 1644, Powhatan defeated 1685, Powhatan extinct  Disease, Disorganization, Disposability

Nathaniel Bacon Nathaniel Bacon came to Virginia as a gentleman in the 1670s, but his resentment of the economic and political domination of the colony by a small group of planters transformed him into a backwoods rebel. In 1676, Bacon led an army of discontented farmers, servants, and slaves against the powerful coastal planters--and almost won. In this stained glass window, discovered and restored in the twentieth century, Bacon's social class and his commanding presence are both evident. (The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities at Bacon's Castle, Library of Virginia) Nathaniel Bacon Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Social Hierarchy in Virginia

COMPARE/CONTRAST SPAINFRENCH(Dutch)ENGLAND Govt. supports colony Gold & God Plantations Conquer (Conquistadors/ Mestizos) Nominal Govt. support Trade Outposts/Forts Native Alliances Collaborative Private Corporations Settlements Colonies Punitive Conflict No mixing/ separation.destruction

Important Map Info Pope’s Rebellion St. Augustine Jamestown Cuba, Hispanolia Olmecs, Maya, Aztecs, Incas Hohukum, Anasazi Brazil

COMPARE/CONTRAST SPAINENGLAND Govt. supports colony Gold & God Plantations Conquer (Conquistadors/ Mestizos) Private Corporations Settlements Colonies Punitive Conflict No mixing/ separation.destruction

Virtual Jamestown game

Jamestown video