The liberal moment fifteen years on The Liberal Moment 15 Years On Presidential Address, International Studies Association, San Francisco, CA, 27 March 2008 Nils Petter Gleditsch Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW), International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO) & Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

The liberal moment fifteen years on

Armed conflict, 1946–92 Armed conflict, 1946–2006Wars, 1946–2006

The liberal moment fifteen years on Onsets of new civil conflicts, 1947–2006

The liberal moment fifteen years on Countries with conflict on territory, 1946–2006

The liberal moment fifteen years on Number of countries participating in conflict

The liberal moment fifteen years on Share of countries participating in conflict

The liberal moment fifteen years on Number of war participants

The liberal moment fifteen years on Peacekeeping missions, 1948–2007

The liberal moment fifteen years on Number of peacekeepers, 1948–2008

The liberal moment fifteen years on Battle deaths, 1900–2005Battle deaths, 1946–2005

The liberal moment fifteen years on Iraq: Documented civilian violent deaths Number of deaths per week

The liberal moment fifteen years on Democide by year, 1900–87

The liberal moment fifteen years on Life expectancy 1950–2050 Life expectancy 1820–2050,

The liberal moment fifteen years on Great power wars 1500–2000

The liberal moment fifteen years on Annual war deaths – modern and ancient warfare

The liberal moment fifteen years on The growth of the liberal factors

The liberal moment fifteen years on Four challenges to the liberal peace The temporary peace The hegemonic peace The unsustainable peace The capitalist peace

The liberal moment fifteen years on Four challenges to the liberal peace The temporary peace The hegemonic peace The unsustainable peace The capitalist peace

The liberal moment fifteen years on The challengers? Kim Jong-Il Fidel Castro Robert Mugabe Hugo Chavez

The liberal moment fifteen years on … or is he the one?

The liberal moment fifteen years on A clash of civilizations?

The liberal moment fifteen years on Four challenges to the liberal peace The temporary peace The hegemonic peace The unsustainable peace The capitalist peace

The liberal moment fifteen years on The 'Bottom Billion' Armed conflicts in 2006 The 'bottom billion' - and armed conflict in 2006

The liberal moment fifteen years on Four challenges to the liberal peace The temporary peace The hegemonic peace The unsustainable peace The capitalist peace

The liberal moment fifteen years on World population, 1950–2300

The liberal moment fifteen years on Global warming and armed conflict, 1946–89 Temperature deviation from global mean, 1951–80. Source: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Columbia University Frequency of armed conflict. Source: UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset. Global warming and armed conflict, 1946–2006

The liberal moment fifteen years on Four challenges to the liberal peace The temporary peace The hegemonic peace The unsustainable peace The capitalist peace

The liberal moment fifteen years on A capitalist peace? Really!

The liberal moment fifteen years on Boulding's three forms of power Threat power (destruction) Economic power (exchange) Integrative power (legitimacy)

The liberal moment fifteen years on Integrative power

The liberal moment fifteen years on - or?

The liberal moment fifteen years on Welcome to ISA’s 50 th anniversary convention!

The liberal moment fifteen years on Welcome to the reception!