Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory Based on 4 postulates o Elements are composed of.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Building Blocks of Matter

Advertisements

Atomic Structure. What is an Atom? The smallest part of an element.

Add metal hydride naming. Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions.

Atoms and the Periodic Table Part I: Historical Background.

CHEMISTRY 161 Chapter The Early Atomic Theory pure substances compounds elements combine different elements H 2, O 2 H 2 O [O 3 ] John Dalton.

Atoms and Atomic Theory Chapter Early Chemical Discoveries and the Atomic Theory.

Chapter Two: Atoms, Molecules and Ions

Atoms, Ions and the Periodic Table Chemistry 131 Chapter 2.

The Law of Conservation of Mass

Atomic Mass and the Mole. Relative Atomic Mass Units of grams are TOO LARGE for atoms! Relative atomic mass – compare to small particles – amu – “atomic.

Chapter 2 Atoms, molecules, and ions

Classification of Matter. Atomic Theory of Matter The theory that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter reemerged in the early 19th century,

Dr. Namphol Sinkaset Chem 200: General Chemistry I

Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter The Atom: From Philosophical Idea to Scientific Theory.

Chapter 3 Atoms and Atomic Structure Write the bullets that are in black font.

AP Chemistry – Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules and Ions.

Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, Ions.

Atomic Discovery Early Models of the Atom 400 B.C. – Democritus proposed the existence of fundamental particles of matter that were indivisible and indestructible.

Atomic Theory Chapter 3 Sections 1 &2 9/18/14.

Weighing and Counting Atoms

The History of the Atom…. went against, Aristotle, who believed that matter was composed of four qualities: earth, fire, air and water all matter is composed.

By: Andres Sanchez. Law Of Definite Proportions  Law of definite proportions states that two samples of a give compound are made of the same elements.

A History of Atomic Theory & Basic Atomic Structure Chapter 3: The Atom Big Idea: Physical, chemical and nuclear changes are explained using the location.

The Historical Development of the Atomic Model From ancient Greece philosophy, to today’s model of the atom – The model of the atom demonstrates the purpose.

Chapter 2 (Part I) Atoms, Molecules, and Ions History n Greeks n Democritus and Leucippus - atomos n Aristotle- elements n Alchemy n Robert Boyle-

Atomic Theories. Atomic timeline Your poster should contain: –The date the theory was developed –A picture of the ‘model’ –The name of the main contributor.

Courtesy: B.C. – Matter was composed of four fundamental substances: fire, earth, water, and air. Greeks considered whether matter.

C H E M I S T R Y Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions.

DALTON’S ATOMIC THEORY 1803 Read each of the following postulates and determine whether each is True or False.

Atoms, Molecules and Ions

Chapter 3: The Atom “The Building Blocks of Matter”

Chapter 4: Atomic Structure Democritus believed that matter was made up of particles. he called nature’s basic particle an “atom”. The …… Aristotle’s idea.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO  2006, Prentice Hall,

Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter. PART 1  Democritus [400 B.C]  Greek philosopher  Hypothesized: Nature has a basic indivisible particle of which.

Chapter 3 pages Modern Chemistry Chapter 3 Atoms: the building block of matter.

History of Atom Flip Book

“How could you find the Invisible Man in Picadilly Circus?…. By the reactions of those he pushed aside.” -Ernest Rutherford’s advice to James Chadwick.

Atomic Structure PSC Chapter 3. Atomic Theory of Matter Evidence of atoms Law of Definite Proportions Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Multiple Proportions.

Chapter 3 Lesson Starter Young people should not smoke.

CHM 109 SUROVIEC FALL 2015 Atoms and Elements. I. Atoms and Atomic Theory An element is composed of tiny particles called atoms  All atoms of the same.

Atoms, Molecules and Ions Chapter 2. Foundations of Atomic Theory Law of conservation of mass: Antoine Lavoisier –Mass is neither created nor destroyed.

The Building Blocks of Matter. Objectives Recognize that science is a progressive endeavor that reevaluates and extends what is already known. (SPI 3221.

Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, and Ions Atoms & Compounds.

Chapter 3 – Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter 3.1: Atomic Theory History A. 1700s: quantitative studies of chemical reactions led to several laws: 1.

MODERN CHEMISTRY CH 3 Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter.

1 Modern Chemistry Chapter 3 Atoms: The Building Block of Matter.

Atoms, Molecules and Ions Chapter 2 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 3 Atoms and matter. laws The transformation of a substance or substances into one or more new substances is known as a chemical reaction. Law.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory. Law of Conservation of Mass The total mass of materials after a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass before the reaction.

The Atom CHAPTER 3.1 MS. COX’S CHEMISTRY CLASS. Lesson Objectives Explain the law of conservation of mass, the law of multiple proportions and the law.

Chapter 3 Atoms : The Building Blocks of Matter. Foundations of Atomic Theory  Several basic laws were after the 1790’s (emphasis on quantitative analysis):

Atomic Theory ScientistExperimentContributionAtomic Model Democritus (ca 400 BCE ) (thought)atomos = indivisible particle ‘grains of sand’

Ch. 3 – Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter

Section 3.1. Atomic Theory  400 BC – Democritus  Coined the term atom from the Greek word atomos  Philosophical Idea – No Experimental Evidence  Idea.

Chemistry Chapter Three – Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter South Lake High School Science Department Ms. Sanders.

Chapter 3 Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter. Lesson 1.1: Early Atomic Theory Learning Target: I will understand the history and structure of the atom.

C H E M I S T R Y Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions.

Atomic Theory and the Atomic Model. Objectives Describe evidence that Greek philosophers used to develop the idea of atoms. Distinguish between a scientific.

UNIT 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions. 1. Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical.

Chapter 2: General Chemistry Atoms, Molecules, and Ions.

Atomic Theory Label the 3 different particles that make up an atom

Chapter 3 – Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter

Atoms – The Building Blocks of EVERYTHING

Atomic Structure and Electron Configurations

Atoms, Molecules and Ions

Early History Early Greeks (Circa 400 BC)

Atomic Structure and Electron Configurations

Atomic Structure PSC Chapter 3.

Honors Coordinated Science II Wheatley-Heckman

Presentation transcript:

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 1 Dalton’s Atomic Theory Based on 4 postulates o Elements are composed of extremely small particles, called atoms. o All atoms of the same element are identical, having the same size, mass and chemical properties. The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. o Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element. In any compound, the ratio of numbers of atoms pf any of the two elements present is either an integer or a simple fraction. o A chemical reaction involves only the separation, combination, or rearrangement of atoms; it does not result in their creation or destruction.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 2 Representation of Dalton’s Atomic Theory Note that atoms of element X combine with atoms of element Y in a 2:1 ratio here. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in the process

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 3 Laws of Chemistry Law of Conservation of Mass – Matter can neither be created nor destroyed – expressed by Lomonosov in 1748 and placed on experimental footing by Lavoisier in 1774 – Dalton’s 4 th hypothesis is in conformity with this law Law of Definite Proportions – different samples of the same compound always contain its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass – expressed by Proust in 1799 – Dalton’s 3 rd hypothesis is in conformity with this law Law of Multiple Proportions – if two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers – arrived at by Dalton through the 3 rd hypothesis. Another one will be studied later.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 4 Cathode-Ray Tube The cathode ray tube has an electric field perpendicular to the direction of the cathode rays and an external magnetic field. The symbols N and S denote the north and south poles of the magnet. The cathode rays will strike the end of the tube at A in the presence of a magnetic field, at C in the presence of an electric field, and at B when there are no external fields present or when the effects of the electric field and magnetic field cancel each other out.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 5 Millikan’s Experiment Millikan studied the motion of single tiny drops of oil that picked up static electricity from ions suspended in air through a microscope and arrived at a value for electronic charge.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 6 Rutherford’s Experiment  -particles are produced by radioactive sources and they are positively charged. Rutherford used very thin gold foils.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 7 Rutherford’s Model of the Atom

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 8 Structure of the Atom and Relative Size

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 9 Fundamental Properties of Subatomic Particles *The column entitled ‘Mass (amu)’ is a measure of relative mass and will be discussed later. The above discussion shows that an atom is composed of three types of subatomic particles. These, in turn, are not differentiable from one atom to another. They are exactly the same whatever the source is, i.e. they are fundamental building blocks of any atom.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 10 Atom Symbolism X is the symbol for the element

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 11 Periodic Table Rows are termed as Periods Columns are termed as Groups

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 12 Formulas and Models

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions General Chemistry I CHM 111 Dr Erdal OnurhanSlide 13 Some Organic Functional Groups - OH Alcohols - COOH Acids - O - Ethers - CO- Ketones - CHO Aldehydes - NH 2 Primary Amines