Key Network Architecture Enablers for Wavelength-on-Demand and L1VPN Services Chris Liou, Infinera Vijay Vusirikala, Infinera

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 2 Outline  Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services & Layer1 VPN Applications  Key Application Requirements  Architectural Considerations  A Digital Optical Networking Approach

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 3 Outline  Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services & Layer1 VPN Applications  Key Application Requirements  Architectural Considerations  A Digital Optical Networking Approach

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 4 What is a L1VPN?  A Layer 1 network abstraction that presents a secure, dedicated transport network to the end customer  An alternative to a dedicated physical Layer1 network  May co-exist with other L1VPN instances on the same physical carrier network  Provides end-customer with control & visibility over Layer 1 services between Customer Edges (CEs)  Comprised of a set of CEs & the VPN connections provided by the provider (between Provider Edges (PEs))  Varied levels of network management control & visibility  Standards efforts in progress (IETF, ITU-T)  GMPLS playing a key role in signaling & routing  E.g., draft-ietf-l1vpn-*, ITU-T SG13

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 5 L1VPN Example  Multiple dynamically reconfigurable L1VPNs can co-exist on single carrier network  Enables secure, self-configurable & viewable sub-network  Streamlines customization of dedicated customer virtual network CNM System CNM System Customer 1 Customer 2 GMPLS

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 6 L1VPN & Dynamic WoD Drivers  Basis for new service offerings for wholesale carriers  An alternative to leased point-to-point waves  Rapid reconfigurability of L1 services with minimal carrier intervention  Shifts onus of capacity planning away from carrier and into customer’s own hands  Facilitates internal carrier partitioning of common L1 network  Streamline carrier’s servicing of internal capacity requests  E.g., wholesale carrier providing IP organization with self-configurable L1 transport VPN  Dynamic real-time reconfigurability enables many applications  Dynamic load-sharing based on capacity-on-demand  One-time high bandwidth broadcast events  Timesharing of network capacity  Short-term capacity lease

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 7 Outline  Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services & Layer1 VPN Applications  Key Application Requirements  Architectural Considerations  A Digital Optical Networking Approach

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 8 Key Elements of L1 VPNs Data Plane Scalable transport & bandwidth management Multi-service support Protection and restoration Control Plane - GMPLS/ASON Topology discovery Route computation Service provisioning and restoration Management Plane End-to-end VPN visualization (CNM) & administration FCAPS Network planning

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 9 Key Elements of L1VPNs Data Plane Considerations  Service transparency  Zero modifications to wave service  Flexible service mix/options for customer  Multi-rate, multi-protocol  Flexible delivery options for carrier  Efficient network & resource utilization  Future-proof for future higher-speed services (40G, 100GE)  Any-to-any capacity delivery  Carrier-controlled restrictions on data path  Customer options for path diversity  Security  Misconnection detection & avoidance  Isolation between multiple L1VPNs  Data path protection & restoration  Options for protection from network failures  Layer 1 preemption capability

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 10 Key Elements of L1VPNs Control Plane Considerations  On-demand “touchless” reconfigurability  Intelligent control plane for streamlined, automated routing & provisioning  Minimal OpEx & lead-times  Evolution path towards dynamic UNI signaling (CE-PE)  Secure & isolated control plane functions  Zero interaction between multiple VPNs  Data & Control Plane separation  Data plane unaffected by control plane failures  Customer traffic engineering options for route diversity

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 11 Key Elements of L1VPNs Management Plane Considerations  Customer Network Management (CNM)  Customer-specific management views of topology, capacity, traffic, services  Automated synchronization with VPN topology  Carrier management of L1VPNs  Bi-directional APIs for advanced service management applications  E.g., policy control  Ease of administration  L1VPN configuration management  Reconfigurability for future L1VPN needs (e.g., higher capacity between sites)  Appropriate hooks for policy management integration  Ease of troubleshooting

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 12 L1VPN Abstraction Carrier Network Customer Network Carrier EMS/NMS Customer Network Management view  20G   30G   40G   30G   CNM view provides L1VPN abstraction  Dedicated capacity provisioned between customer sites  End-to-end abstraction excludes intermediate NE’s  Benefits of L1 VPN control without deploying full WDM network  Customer nodal sites dynamically manage bandwidth  Leverage carrier field operations  Varying degrees of data & control plane isolation  Overlay vs shared GMPLS model  Dedicated vs shared switching

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 13 Outline  Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services & Layer1 VPN Applications  Key Application Requirements  Architectural Considerations  A Digital Optical Networking Approach

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 14 L1VPN Service Model Options Discussion  Pre-established vs. On-demand PE-PE capacity  PE-PE cross-sectional capacity needs may evolve over time  On-demand link sizing encourages sharing of capacity across multiple customers  Shared vs. dedicated per-VPN switching  L1 switching function for each VPN can reside “on” or “off-net”  Off-net switching creates natural security partition

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 15 L1VPN Service Model Options (contd.) Discussion  Management vs. Signaling based provisioning  Specifies how dynamic circuit configuration is accomplished  Signaling based model generally more broadly discussed  Overlay vs. Peering signaling model (CE-PE)  Signaling only vs. Signaling + Routing model (aka, Basic vs Enhanced Mode –Routing enables automated membership & TE link information exchange  Virtual Node vs. Virtual Link model  Differing abstraction levels of L1VPN capacity  Virtual Link is currently finding favor

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 16 L1VPN Service Level Requirements Discussion  Accounting Reporting  Security of provider-customer communication  Data-, control-, and management planes  Data integrity, confidentiality, authentication, and access control  Class of Service (e.g., Availability Class)  Performance Reporting  Fault Reporting  Connectivity Reporting  Policy (e.g., path computation policy, CE-CE signaling pass-through, etc.)

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 17 Optical Architecture Options for L1VPNs ODXC OOOO O OOO O O O O O O O O O-E-O Local Add/Drop O-E-O Local Add/Drop O-E-O ROADM/WSSDigital Optical Networking Optical Digital Cross- Connect (ODXC)  Integrated switching + WDM  Digital sub- ODUk switch  Add/drop, switch, groom 100% of line capacity  Client optics only for local add/drop  All-optical wavelength switching  No wavelength conversion  No sub- switch, mux and grooming without separate OEO  Transponders only for local add/drop  Separate switching + WDM  Digital sub- switch: ODUk or STS-1/VC-4  OEO conversion of 100% of WDM traffic  Add/drop, switch, groom 100% of line capacity Local Add/Drop

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 18 Outline  Dynamic Wavelength-On-Demand Services & Layer1 VPN Applications  Key Application Requirements  Architectural Considerations  A Digital Optical Networking Approach

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 19 Digital Optical Networking Full Reconfigurability at Every Node  Use (analog) photonics for what it does best: WDM transmission  Use (digital) electronics for everything else  Digital add/drop, switching, grooming, PM and protection…  …at every node  Unconstrained digital add/drop  Any service at any node  End-end service delivery independent of physical path  Robust digital PM and protection  Digital OAMP & management Integrated Photonics Sub- add/drop Digital switching Signal regeneration PM & Error correction Digital Protection Digital OAMP Digital Electronics & Software Truly unconstrained reconfigurable optical networking

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | Gb/s Transmit 100 Gb/s Receive So why hasn’t Digital Networking been implemented? Because OEO’s are expensive! Discrete Optics Single WDM channel times 32, 40 or 80 wavelengths

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | Gb/s Transmit 100 Gb/s Receive 100 Gb/s Transmit 100 Gb/s Receive Infinera’s Photonic Integrated Circuit Innovation 5mm  Direct Benefits  Size, power, cost, reliability  Strategic Benefits  Low-cost OEO conversion allows a Digital Optical Network paradigm

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 22 Benefits of Electronics in Optical Networks Reach Improvement -G.709 standard defines 6dB gain FEC (Reed-Solomon) -High-gain FEC provides optical gain of 8dB to 9dB -Corrects BER of to BER of Dispersion Compensation -FFE and DFE can compensate upwards of 1000ps/nm -MLSE can correct upwards of 3000ps/nm dispersion -Significant space savings vs. DCF PM and Operations -OTH and SONET/SDH Overhead -Extensive digital PM at all OEO nodes -J0/B1, BIP-8 -FEC bit error rate monitoring -Communication channels for OAM&P -SONET/SDH DCC and OTH TCM Reconfigurable Switching -Wide choice of switching/grooming granularity (VC-4, ODU-1, packet) -Fundamental to managing and grooming customer services -Highest level of reconfigurability

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 23 Evolving to OTN Bandwidth Management OC48/STM-16 OC192/STM-64 DS1/3 & E1/3 OC3/STM-1 OC12/STM-4 OC48/STM-16 STS-1/VC-4 switching SONET/SDH Networking Optical/Wavelength Networking O-E-O 1 … N i, j  Digital sub- bandwidth management  End-end digital OAMP & PMs  Robust digital protection  End-end service management  Multi-service support  Transparent service transport  WDM scalability and reach  n..... GbE 10 GbE LAN PHY OC48/STM-16 ODU1 (2.5G) switching OCh (DWDM) at 11.1 Gb/s OC192/STM-64 OTU1/OTU2  Digital sub- bandwidth management  End-end digital OAMP & PMs  Robust digital protection  End-end service management  Multi-service support  Transparent service transport  WDM scalability and reach (R)OADM switching OTN Networking

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 24 Integrated Sub- Bandwidth Management Conventional WDM Networks  Separate WDM & OTN layers  Sub- grooming only with ODXC  Manual grooming complexity or extra cost for ODXC Digital Optical Network - OTN  Integrated WDM and OTN bandwidth management  Sub- grooming at every node  End-end service management, PM and OAM Integrated end-end OTN digital optical networking at every node OXC OOOO O OOO O O O O O O O O O-E-O ODU1 bandwidth management OTUk services

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 25 Digital Optical Network - Characteristics  100G digital bandwidth increments  Readily deployable capacity usable by any service  Rapid service deployment  Service activation is decoupled from transmission layer design and constraints  Enables efficient protection and restoration schemes  Integrated sub-wavelength bandwidth management  Automated GMPLS end-to-end service activation  Built-in PRBS testing for service readiness  Digital Optical Networking approach provides future- proofing for 40G & 100GbE  Ease of reconfigurability at data plane, control plane and management plane

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 26 Dynamically Reconfigurable Bandwidth GMPLS UNI  Applications of dynamically reconfigurable bandwidth  Dynamic IP load balancing between routers  Multiple circuits to time-share same bandwidth (“Time of day” services)  Digital Optical Networking unlocks full value of GMPLS UNI  100G+ service-ready capacity on each link  Agnostic to transmission constraints  2.5G switching granularity Router A Router B Router C Router D A B C D GMPLS UNI Optical LSP Request Dynamically allocatable IP capacity Baseline IP layer connectivity IP Virtual Network Topology

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 27 Super- Next-gen Services  PIC enabled Digital Optical Networks provide scalable DWDM line capacity to accommodate higher speed services (e.g., 100G)  As IP Link sizes exceed optical line rate, IP core requires “Super- ” services 100G Layer 3/2 Router Layer 1/0 DWDM Fiber Packet Proc. 100GbE MAC G.709 & other logic Photonic Integrated Circuit 100G Serdes 100GbE SR

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 28 L1VPN Evolution  L1 VPNs should scale in two dimensions to accommodate future evolution  L1VPN Size and Traffic growth  Control plane and management plane to scale accordingly  Ease of reconfigurability of both logical circuits & cross-connect capacity needs to be maintained  New Services  Today most L1VPN designs want 1G-10G  … with path to 40G & 100GbE services

Infinera Confidential and Proprietary | 29 Summary  L1VPN architecture involves data plane, control plane and management plane  Key Characteristics of L1VPNs  Scalability  Ease of reconfigurability  Customized control  Digital Optical Networking Architecture provides key benefits for L1VPNs  Service layer decoupled from transmission layer  Integrated sub-lambda bandwidth management  End-to-end GMPLS intelligence