LONG TERM SEMI-CONTINUOUS D/F MONITORING SYSTEMS GENE RILEY EMISSION MEASUREMENT CENTER

LONG-TERM DIOXIN & FURAN SAMPLING SYSTEMS AMESA (German Instrument) AMESA (German Instrument) Adsorption Method for Sampling of D/FAdsorption Method for Sampling of D/F DMS (Austria Instrument) DMS (Austria Instrument) Dioxin Monitoring SystemDioxin Monitoring System

APPLICATIONS DIOXIN/FURAN EMISSIONS MUNICIPAL INCINERATORS MUNICIPAL INCINERATORS HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATORS HOSPITAL WASTE INCINERATORS HOSPITAL WASTE INCINERATORS SEWAGE SLUDGE INCINERATORS SEWAGE SLUDGE INCINERATORS OTHER COMBUSTION SOURCES OTHER COMBUSTION SOURCES

SAMPLING PRINCIPALS AMESA & DMS Auto-isokinetic Sampling Auto-isokinetic Sampling Titanium Probe & Nozzle Titanium Probe & Nozzle Heated applicationHeated application Air or water cooled applicationAir or water cooled application Sampling Periods Sampling Periods 4 hrs to 4 weeks4 hrs to 4 weeks Usually 2 weeks per XAD moduleUsually 2 weeks per XAD module

AMESA SAMPLING EQUIPMENT & PROTOCOL Titanium Probe Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Point Titanium Probe Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Point Electronic System Leak-Check Valve Electronic System Leak-Check Valve Collects D/F in XAD-2 Module Collects D/F in XAD-2 Module Collects & Measures Stack Moisture Collects & Measures Stack Moisture Monitors & Records Temperatures Monitors & Records Temperatures

DMS SAMPLING EQUIPMENT & PROTOCOL Two Titanium Probes Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Points Two Titanium Probes Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Points Electronic System Leak-Check Valve Electronic System Leak-Check Valve Collects D/F on Filter & PUF Cartridges Collects D/F on Filter & PUF Cartridges Does Not Measure Stack Moisture Does Not Measure Stack Moisture Monitors & Records Temperatures Monitors & Records Temperatures

DMS SAMPLING EQUIPMENT & PROTOCOL Dual Titanium Probes Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Points. Dual Titanium Probes Positioned at Average Velocity Sampling Points. Probes Switch Every 30 Minutes Probes Switch Every 30 Minutes Uses the “Null Nozzle” Concept Uses the “Null Nozzle” Concept Stack Sample is Diluted & Cooled Stack Sample is Diluted & Cooled Electronic System Leak-Check Valve Electronic System Leak-Check Valve Collects D/F on Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Collects D/F on Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Does Not Collect Stack Moisture Does Not Collect Stack Moisture

DMS SAMPLING PROTOCOL Null Nozzle Sampling Approach Null Nozzle Sampling Approach Design assumes by adjusting the nozzle sample flow to produce a “null condition” for the manometer pressures, isokinetic sampling can be achieved.Design assumes by adjusting the nozzle sample flow to produce a “null condition” for the manometer pressures, isokinetic sampling can be achieved. Reliability of null sampling nozzles is a function of design and use.Reliability of null sampling nozzles is a function of design and use. Isokinetic sampling conditions are not always guaranteed.Isokinetic sampling conditions are not always guaranteed.

DMS SAMPLING PROTOCOL Dilution Sampling Method Dilution Sampling Method Stack gas is sampled isokineticallyStack gas is sampled isokinetically Mixed with dried, cleaned, D/F-free compressed airMixed with dried, cleaned, D/F-free compressed air Purpose of dilution air is to cool and dilute the stack gas to a dew point where little or no condensate is realizedPurpose of dilution air is to cool and dilute the stack gas to a dew point where little or no condensate is realized Dry gas mixture passes through a filter and two PUFs for D/F collectionDry gas mixture passes through a filter and two PUFs for D/F collection

DMS SAMPLING PROTOCOL Polyurethane Foam (PUFs) Polyurethane Foam (PUFs) Two PUFs in series collect D/FTwo PUFs in series collect D/F PUFs are cleaned and vacuum dried prior to usePUFs are cleaned and vacuum dried prior to use Glass fiber filter and two PUFs are installed in field moduleGlass fiber filter and two PUFs are installed in field module 100 ul of a recovery standard surrogate is applied to glass fiber filter surface100 ul of a recovery standard surrogate is applied to glass fiber filter surface Module is assembled by laboratoryModule is assembled by laboratory

AMESA & DMS SAMPLING EQUIPMENT Measures Stack Gas Velocity, Temperature, & Pressure Measures Stack Gas Velocity, Temperature, & Pressure Optional System Can Measure O2 & CO2 Optional System Can Measure O2 & CO2 Sampling Range – to 10 ng/m 3 Sampling Range – to 10 ng/m 3 Condensate Can Be Collected & Analyzed For AMESA Condensate Can Be Collected & Analyzed For AMESA

AMESA & DMS SAMPLING PROTOCOL Isokinetic Sampling Procedures Isokinetic Sampling Procedures Duplicates M23 Sampling Rates Duplicates M23 Sampling Rates Collects Approx m 3 /hour (0.85 m 3 X 24 hrs = 20 m 3 /day ) Collects Approx m 3 /hour (0.85 m 3 X 24 hrs = 20 m 3 /day ) Volume For a Two Week Period – >280 m 3 Volume For a Two Week Period – >280 m 3

AMESA & DMS SAMPLE MULTIPLE ANALYSES From a 280 m 3 XAD Sample Extract: From a 280 m 3 XAD Sample Extract: Dioxins/FuransDioxins/Furans Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) CAA Semivolatile HAPsCAA Semivolatile HAPs Other Organic Target CompoundsOther Organic Target Compounds

AMESA SUMMARY Conducts Isokinetic Sampling Conducts Isokinetic Sampling Sampling Probe/Nozzle Sampling Probe/Nozzle Titanium materialsTitanium materials Single average-point samplingSingle average-point sampling Usually not heated (can be modified)Usually not heated (can be modified) Probe sample fraction usually not recovered (20% factor added to XAD catch)Probe sample fraction usually not recovered (20% factor added to XAD catch) No Fiber Glass Filter (can be added) No Fiber Glass Filter (can be added) Collects Stack Gas Moisture Collects Stack Gas Moisture

DMS SUMMARY Conducts Isokinetic Sampling Conducts Isokinetic Sampling Null Sampling Probe/Nozzle (2) Null Sampling Probe/Nozzle (2) Titanium materialsTitanium materials Two average-point sampling locationsTwo average-point sampling locations Usually not heated (can be modified)Usually not heated (can be modified) Probe sample fraction usually not recovered (20% factor added to XAD catch)Probe sample fraction usually not recovered (20% factor added to XAD catch) Stack Gas Dilution Stack Gas Dilution Fiber Glass Filter & PUFs Fiber Glass Filter & PUFs No Stack Gas Moisture No Stack Gas Moisture

AMESA & DMS SUMMARY Can Measure D/F 52 Weeks/Year Can Measure D/F 52 Weeks/Year Estimated Cost (less analysis) Estimated Cost (less analysis) Purchase price - ~$100,000 USPurchase price - ~$100,000 US Lease Price (12 months) - $4000/monthLease Price (12 months) - $4000/month AMESA – 55 Units in Operation AMESA – 55 Units in Operation DMS – 5 Units in Operation DMS – 5 Units in Operation

AMESA & DMS CONCLUSIONS Allows for Long-Term D/F Measurements – up to 4 weeks Allows for Long-Term D/F Measurements – up to 4 weeks Annual D/F Method 23 Estimates for Plants Have Increased 15 to 25% When Measured by AMESA & DMS Annual D/F Method 23 Estimates for Plants Have Increased 15 to 25% When Measured by AMESA & DMS Increases attributed to: 1) daily plant operation variations and 2) that very few of the D/F are “non detects” as seen in Method 23 analyses.Increases attributed to: 1) daily plant operation variations and 2) that very few of the D/F are “non detects” as seen in Method 23 analyses.

AMESA & DMS AS ALTERNATIVE TEST METHODS Must Meet M 301 Acceptance Criteria as Compared With EPA Method 23 Must Meet M 301 Acceptance Criteria as Compared With EPA Method 23 Procedures Could be Approved Procedures Could be Approved As alternative compliance test methodAs alternative compliance test method At specific industry category At specific industry category Facility by Facility approval (each emission point must be evaluated) Facility by Facility approval (each emission point must be evaluated)