Students Vincent Duplantier Florian Feyt Hoai Dang Leu Teachers Jacques Bernard Mary Ann Flannery

I. Presentation of Hydraulic Turbines 1. Hydraulic turbines overview 2. Hydroelectric plant installation 3. Three types of Hydraulic Turbines II. Choice method of Hydraulic Turbines Conclusion 2

3

 Hydraulic turbines : liquid turns blades to produce rotation  Potential/Kinetic power -> Mechanical Power -> Electric power  Hydroelectricity Advantages : Clean and Renewable Disadvantages : damage of ecosystem, loss of land 4

Components of a Turbine :  Runner : rotational part (Shaft + blades)  Diffuser (at output) : channel- shaped increasing in size  Distributor : optional component at the input that controls the angle of attack 5

 Flow: small head, high velocity (river)  Flow: great head (in reservoir) 6

7  Action turbine  No diffuser  High operating head  The wheel is not submerged  The number of opened nozzle changes the power

8

9  Reaction turbine  Change of the flow pressure  Operating head between 20 and 500 meters  Two main components: upstream guide vanne and runner

10

 Evolution of the Francis turbine  The guidvanes and runner adapted to the waterflow  High efficiency for a wide range of water flow  Can be used as a pump for Storage pumping 11

12

13

14

 Magnet 2 poles Magnetic field + winding = electric current  Alternator Produces alternating electric power Qualified by the number of magnetic poles 15

 Electric Network Stable characteristics Frequency : 50 Hz  Alternator Frequency Speed of the rotor Number of poles 16 Alternator

 For a same electric frequency (50 Hz) : Low speed  many poles High speed  less poles  Many poles = expensive pairs – 75 rpm 4 pairs 750 rpm

 Characteristics of water flow and turbine Power of the turbine: Angular velocity: 18 N

Comparison of the specific speed with widely built turbines 19

20

 One of the first sources of electricity  High technological level and mastery  Great efficiency  The main source of renewable energy  High percentage of total electricity production is hydroelectricity in some countries 21 Norway – 98% Brazil – 86 % Canada – 61 %