Chapter 4 Rocks: Mineral Mixtures Concept Map Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. sedimentary clastic extrusive rocks metamorphic regional igneous intrusive

Chapter 4 Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation Reading Read each of the passages. Then, answer the questions that follow each passage.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation Passage 1 The texture and composition of a rock can provide good clues about how and where the rock formed. Scientists use both texture and composition to understand the origin and history of rocks. For example, marble is a rock that is made when limestone is metamorphosed. Only limestone contains the mineral—calcite—that can change into marble. Therefore, wherever scientists find marble, they know the sediment that created the original limestone was deposited in a warm ocean or lake environment.

Chapter 4 9. In the passage, what does the word origin mean? Standardized Test Preparation 9. In the passage, what does the word origin mean? A size or appearance B age C location or surroundings D source or formation

Chapter 4 10. Based on the passage, what can the reader conclude? Standardized Test Preparation 10. Based on the passage, what can the reader conclude? F Marble is a sedimentary rock. G Limestone is created by sediments deposited in warm ocean or lake environments. H Marble is a rock that is made when sandstone has undergone metamorphism. I In identifying a rock, the texture of a rock is more important than the composition of the rock.

Chapter 4 11. What is the main idea of the passage? Standardized Test Preparation 11. What is the main idea of the passage? A Scientists believe marble is the most important rock type to study. B Scientists study the composition and texture of a rock to determine how the rock formed and what happened after it formed. C Some sediments are deposited in warm oceans and lakes. D When limestone undergoes metamorphism, it creates marble.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation Passage 2 Fulgurites are a rare type of natural glass found in areas that have quartz-rich sediments, such as beaches and deserts. A tubular fulgurite forms when a lightning bolt strikes material such as sand and melts the quartz into a liquid. The liquid quartz cools and solidifies quickly, and a thin, glassy tube is left behind. Fulgurites usually have a rough outer surface and a smooth inner surface. Continued on the next slide

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation Passage 2, continued Underground, a fulgurite may be shaped like the roots of a tree. The fulgurite branches out with many arms that trace the zigzag path of the lightning bolt. Some fulgurites are as short as your little finger, but others stretch 20 m into the ground.

Chapter 4 12. In the passage, what does the word tubular mean? Standardized Test Preparation 12. In the passage, what does the word tubular mean? A flat and sharp B round and long C funnel shaped D pyramid shaped

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 13. From the information in the passage, what can the reader conclude? F Fulgurites are formed above ground. G Sand contains a large amount of quartz. H Fulgurites are most often very small. I Fulgurites are easy to find in sandy places.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 14. Which of the following statements best describes a fulgurite? A Fulgurites are frozen lightning bolts. B Fulgurites are rootlike rocks. C Fulgurites are glassy tubes found in deserts. D Fulgurites are natural glass tubes formed by lightning bolts.

Interpreting Graphics Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation Interpreting Graphics Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 15. According to the rock cycle diagram, which of the following statements is true? A Only sedimentary rock gets weathered and eroded. B Sedimentary rocks are made from metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rock fragments and minerals. C Heat and pressure create igneous rocks. D Metamorphic rocks are created by melting and cooling.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 16. A rock exists at the surface of the Earth. What would be the next step in the rock cycle? F cooling G weathering H melting I metamorphism

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 17. Which of the following processes brings rocks to Earth’s surface, where they can be eroded? A burial B deposition C uplift D weathering

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 18. Which of the following is the best summary of the rock cycle? A. Each type of rock gets melted. Then the magma turns into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. B. Magma cools to form igneous rock. Then, the igneous rock becomes sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is heated and forms metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock melts to form magma. Choices continued on next slide

Chapter 4 Continued from previous slide Standardized Test Preparation Continued from previous slide C. All three rock types weather to create sedimentary rock. All three rock types melt to form magma. Magma forms igneous rock. All three types of rock form metamorphic rock because of heat and pressure. D. Igneous rock is weathered to create sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is melted to form igneous rock. Metamorphic rock is weathered to form igneous rock.

Chapter 4 Math Read each question, and choose the best answer. Standardized Test Preparation Math Read each question, and choose the best answer.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 19. Eric has 25 rocks he has collected as a science project for class. Nine rocks are sedimentary, 10 are igneous, and 6 are metamorphic. If Eric chooses a rock at random, what is the probability that he will choose an igneous rock? A 1/2 B 2/5 C 3/8 D 1/15

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 20. At a mineral and fossil show, Elizabeth bought two quartz crystals that cost $2.00 each and four trilobite fossils that cost $3.50 each. Which equation can be used to describe c, the total cost of her purchase? F c  (2  4)  (2.00  3.50) G c  (2  2.00)  (4  3.50) H c  (4  2.00)  (2  3.50) I c  (2  2.00)  (4  3.50)

TEST 6 21. THE PROCESS IN WHICH WATER, WIND, ICE, AND HEAT BREAK DOWN ROCK IS CALLED _________. A. CLIMATE B. WEATHERING C. WEATHER D. MAFIC 22. THE PROCESS BY WHICH WIND, WATER ICE OR GRAVITY TRANSPORTS SOIL AND SEDIMENT FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER IS CALLED _______. A. DEPOSITION B. UPLIFT C. EROSION D. IGNEOUS 23. THE MOVEMENT WITHIN THE EARTH THAT CAUSES ROCKS INSIDE THE EARTH TO BE MOVED TO THE SURFACE.

TEST 6 24. THE PROCESS IN WHICH SEDIMENT MOVED BY EROSION IS DROPPED AND COMES TO REST IS CALLED ________. A. EROSION B. UPLIFT C. IGNEOUS D. DEPOSITION 25. A NATURALLY OCCURRING SOLID MIXTURE OF ONE OR MORE MINERALS OR ORGANIC MATTER. A. ERODE B. CO2 C. H2O D. ROCK 26. THE SERIES OF PROCESSES IN WHICH A ROCK FORMS, CHANGES FROM ONE TYPE TO ANOTHER, IS DESTROYED, AND FORMS AGAIN BY GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IS CALLED THE:__________ A. WATER CYCLE B.ROCK CYCLE C. CO2 CYCLE D.MOTOR CYCLE

TEST 6 27. TYPE OF ROCK WHICH FORMS WHEN HOT, LIQUID ROCK, OR MAGMA COOLS AND SOLIDIFIES. A. METAMORPHIC B. SEDIMENTARY C. FOLIATED D. IGNEOUS 28. THE MOST NOTABLE FEATURE OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK IS IT’S LAYERS OR ______. A. STRATA B. SPATA C. SMATTA D. HARDNESS 29. THIS CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK IS MADE OF FRAGMENTS OF ROCKS CEMENTED TOGETHER BY A MINERAL SUCH AS CALCITE OR QUARTZ. A. ORGANIC B. CLASTIC C. CHEMICAL D. FOLIATED

TEST 6 30. THIS CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK FORMS FROM SOLUTIONS OF DISSOLVED MINERAL AND WATER. A. ORGANIC B. CLASTIC C. CHEMICAL D. FOLIATED 31. THIS CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCK IS MADE UP OF PLANTS AND THE REMAINS OF SKELETONS AND SHELLS OF SEA ANIMALS. 32. _________ ROCKS, ARE ALREADY EXISTING ROCKS THAT HAVE BEEN CHANGED BY HEAT AND PRESSURE. A. IGNEOUS B. SEDIMENTARY C. METAMORPHIC

Chapter 4 Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

Chapter 4 9. In the passage, what does the word origin mean? Standardized Test Preparation 9. In the passage, what does the word origin mean? A size or appearance B age C location or surroundings D source or formation

Chapter 4 10. Based on the passage, what can the reader conclude? Standardized Test Preparation 10. Based on the passage, what can the reader conclude? F Marble is a sedimentary rock. G Limestone is created by sediments deposited in warm ocean or lake environments. H Marble is a rock that is made when sandstone has undergone metamorphism. I In identifying a rock, the texture of a rock is more important than the composition of the rock.

Chapter 4 11. What is the main idea of the passage? Standardized Test Preparation 11. What is the main idea of the passage? A Scientists believe marble is the most important rock type to study. B Scientists study the composition and texture of a rock to determine how the rock formed and what happened after it formed. C Some sediments are deposited in warm oceans and lakes. D When limestone undergoes metamorphism, it creates marble.

Chapter 4 12. In the passage, what does the word tubular mean? Standardized Test Preparation 12. In the passage, what does the word tubular mean? A flat and sharp B round and long C funnel shaped D pyramid shaped

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 13. From the information in the passage, what can the reader conclude? F Fulgurites are formed above ground. G Sand contains a large amount of quartz. H Fulgurites are most often very small. I Fulgurites are easy to find in sandy places.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 14. Which of the following statements best describes a fulgurite? A Fulgurites are frozen lightning bolts. B Fulgurites are rootlike rocks. C Fulgurites are glassy tubes found in deserts. D Fulgurites are natural glass tubes formed by lightning bolts.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 15. According to the rock cycle diagram, which of the following statements is true? A Only sedimentary rock gets weathered and eroded. B Sedimentary rocks are made from metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rock fragments and minerals. C Heat and pressure create igneous rocks. D Metamorphic rocks are created by melting and cooling.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 16. A rock exists at the surface of the Earth. What would be the next step in the rock cycle? F cooling G weathering H melting I metamorphism

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 17. Which of the following processes brings rocks to Earth’s surface, where they can be eroded? A burial B deposition C uplift D weathering

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 18. Which of the following is the best summary of the rock cycle? A. Each type of rock gets melted. Then the magma turns into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock. B. Magma cools to form igneous rock. Then, the igneous rock becomes sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is heated and forms metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock melts to form magma. Choices continued on next slide

Chapter 4 Continued from previous slide Standardized Test Preparation Continued from previous slide C. All three rock types weather to create sedimentary rock. All three rock types melt to form magma. Magma forms igneous rock. All three types of rock form metamorphic rock because of heat and pressure. D. Igneous rock is weathered to create sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock is melted to form igneous rock. Metamorphic rock is weathered to form igneous rock.

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 19. Eric has 25 rocks he has collected as a science project for class. Nine rocks are sedimentary, 10 are igneous, and 6 are metamorphic. If Eric chooses a rock at random, what is the probability that he will choose an igneous rock? A 1/2 B 2/5 C 3/8 D 1/15

Chapter 4 Standardized Test Preparation 20. At a mineral and fossil show, Elizabeth bought two quartz crystals that cost $2.00 each and four trilobite fossils that cost $3.50 each. Which equation can be used to describe c, the total cost of her purchase? F c  (2  4)  (2.00  3.50) G c  (2  2.00)  (4  3.50) H c  (4  2.00)  (2  3.50) I c  (2  2.00)  (4  3.50)