What is a Mineral?.

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What is a Mineral.

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Liz LaRosa 5th grade science 2010

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Presentation transcript:

What is a Mineral?

What is a mineral? Solid Not liquid, gas, or plasma

What is a mineral? Naturally-occurring Not man-made

What is a mineral? Inorganic Never alive

What is a mineral? Fixed chemical composition: an element or a compound

What is a mineral? Crystal structure: atoms or molecules in an orderly pattern

Most minerals are compounds Quartz: silicon and oxygen SiO2 Most abundant in earth’s crust Halite: sodium and chloride NaCl

Examples of minerals Halite (rock salt) Mica Quartz

Not minerals

There are more than 2,000 kinds of minerals, but fewer than 20 are common minerals that form rock 10 minerals make up 90% of the earth’s crust

2 Main Types of Minerals Silicates and Non-Silicates

Silicates Contain atoms of silicon (Si) and oxygen (O) Forms a tetrahedron Many contain one or more different kinds of atoms Ex. Feldspar – silicon and oxygen with potassium SiO2 - Quartz 96% of the crust is made of silicates

Non-Silicates: 6 Groups

Native Minerals Made up of single elements Gold Copper Sulfur

Halides Cation: K, Na, or Ca with an Anion: Cl or F – Halite (NaCl)

Sulfides Contain an S atom Ex: Pyrite (FeS2) Fools Gold

Carbonates Contains CO3 as part of the compound Ex: Malachite Cu2CO3(OH)2

Sulfates Contains SO4 as part of the compound Ex: Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O

Oxides Contains O atom except for silicates, carbonates, and sulfates Ex: Hematite Fe2O3