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Presentation transcript:

Video Eyewitness Plant Watch video and answer the questions

4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 41 Topic: 4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis Essential Question: What are the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis? 4.2/4.3 Intro to Photosynthesis 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules What are the roles of chloroplasts and chlorophyll in photosynthesis? Key Concept: The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy

CA Standard The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. 1.F Know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.

Pg. 40 Discussion Questions Imagine you just planted beautiful roses in your garden. What materials are crucial to the roses’ survival? In other words, what do the roses need to stay alive?

Water (H20) Sunlight Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Soil What materials are crucial to the roses survival? In other words, what do the roses need to stay alive?

KEY CONCEPT The overall process of photosynthesis produces sugars that store chemical energy.

List a few things that use energy from sunlight. Pg. 40

Solar powered homes, cars, and calculators are just a few things that use energy from sunlight. In a way you are solar powered. Although the sun does not directly give you the energy.

How do we, as humans, get our chemical energy?

photosynthesis: Stores energy from sunlight in glucose How do we, as humans, get our chemical energy? Pg. 40 photosynthesis: Stores energy from sunlight in glucose cellular respiration: breaks down glucose to release stored energy in the form of ATP

Photosynthesis is a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy. Therefore, directly or indirectly, the energy for almost all organisms begins as sunlight. Reactants Products (Sugar)

Photosynthetic organisms are producers. Producers make their own source of chemical energy (they make their own food). Ex: Plants

Video Discovery of Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts are organelles where photosynthesis occurs leaf cell leaf They contain Chlorophyll, which is a molecule that absorbs light energy.

Grana- stacks of thylakoids Coin-shaped compartments that contain chlorophyll Grana- stacks of thylakoids Stroma Fluid that surrounds the grana chloroplast stroma granam Thylakoid

Label this Chloroplast 1 2 4 3 Reactants 10. 4. 1. Contains: 2. Products 5. 3. 6. 9. 7. 8.

Reactants 4. Thylakoid 1.chloroplast 2. sunlight Products 3. 6H2O 10. granum (stack of thylakoids) 4. Thylakoid Contains: chlorophyll 1.chloroplast 2. sunlight Products 3. 6H2O 5. 6O2 6. energy thylakoid stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids) 7. 6CO2 9. 1 six-carbon sugar 8. Calvin Cycle C6H12O6

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide water light, enzymes a sugar oxygen C6H12O6 granum (stack of thylakoids) thylakoid sunlight 1 six-carbon sugar 6H2O 6CO2 6O2 chloroplast 1 2 4 3 energy stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 How many Cs?

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 How many Cs?

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 How many Cs? How many Os?

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 How many Cs? How many Os?

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 How many Cs? How many O2s? How many Hs?

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 How many Cs? How many Os? How many Hs?

The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide water light, enzymes a sugar oxygen C6H12O6 granum (stack of thylakoids) thylakoid sunlight 1 six-carbon sugar 6H2O 6CO2 6O2 chloroplast 1 2 4 3 energy stroma (fluid outside the thylakoids)

Video The Process of Photosynthesis

4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 43 Topic: 4.2/4.3 Light Dependent Reactions Essential Question: How do the two photosystems work together to capture energy from sunlight? 4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Dependent Reactions 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How do the two photosystems work together to capture energy from sunlight? Key Concept: Photosynthesis requires a series of chemical reactions

What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis? Sponge What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?

Reactants: (What do we need for photosynthesis? Sunlight H2O water CO2 carbon dioxide Products: O2 oxygen Glucose (sugar) The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

Light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight (The reactions depend on light!).

Light Dependent reactions- take place in the thylakoids Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll 6 H2O (water) molecules are broken down H+, e-, O2 6 O2 (oxygen) are released as waste The energy is carried by ATP and NADPH molecules to fuel the light independent reactions LIGHT DEPENDENT IN A NUTSHELL

All 7 parts of Light-Dependent Reactions Classwork On pg. 42: Make a flow map which includes the reactants and products of light dependent reactions All 7 parts of Light-Dependent Reactions Label Photosystem II and Photosystem I

LIGHT –DEPENDENT REACTIONS Pg. 42 INB Pg. 109-110 in book REACTANTS 1. 3. 2. Name PRODUCTS 4. 5. 6. 7. Name

Photosystem II 1. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight The energy is transferred to electrons (e-) in the chlorophyll These high energy electrons enter an Electron Transport Chain

2. Water molecules split: Oxygen released as waste Hydrogen Hydrogen ions (H+) Electrons (e-) The electrons from the water replace the electrons lost from the chlorophyll in step 1

3. Electrons move from protein to protein in the ETC Their energy is used to pump the (H+) inside the thylakoid (against the concentration gradient) H+ build up inside the thylakoid

Photosystem I 4. Absorb energy from sunlight Electrons are energized and leave the chlorophyll The e- on the ETC in Photosystem II will replace the e- lost in step 4

5. The energized electrons are added to a molecule called NADP+ (like ADP)

5. The energized electrons are added to a molecule called NADP+ (like ADP) A molecule of NADPH (like ATP) is made NADPH will continue to the Light-Independent reactions

6. H+ ions have built up inside the thylakoid from Photosystem II (more inside than outside) H+ flow though a protein channel through diffusion

7. As H+ flow though the protein channel… ATP synthase makes ATP by adding phosphates to ADP ATP will move on to the Light-Independent Reactions

LIGHT -DEPENDENT REACTIONS H2O REACTANTS Sunlight Photosystem II 1. Energy is absorbed from sunlight by chlorophyll- Electrons enter E.T.C. 3. Electrons move through the ETC-Hydrogen ions (H+) transported inside thylakoid 2. Water molecules split: H+, Electrons, and O2 Photosystem II Sunlight Oxygen Released as waste PRODUCTS 4. Chlorophyll absorbs more energy from sunlight. Electrons leave to the ETC 5.Electrons added to NADP+ to make NADPH NADPH Photosystem I 6. Hydrogen Ions diffuse out of the thylakoid through a protein channel 7. As H+ ions flow through the protein channel, ATP is made ATP

Please close notebooks….. Light-Dependent Reactions Order Game In pairs, put the Light-Dependent Reactions in order 1st 3 groups: Gets a treat!!!!

Video Light Dependent Reactions

4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 45 Topic: 4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions Essential Question: Explain the relationship between light-dependent and the light-independent reactions. 4.2/4.3 Photosynthesis: Light Independent Reactions 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Explain the relationship between light-dependent and the light-independent reactions.

The energy from both NADPH and ATP is used to make sugars during light-independent reactions. Light-Dependent Reactions

The light-independent reactions use energy from light-dependent reactions to make sugars. takes place in the stroma needs 6 CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) from atmosphere uses light-Dependent ATP/NADPH (energy) to build a sugar molecule which stores some of the energy that was captured from sunlight LIGHT INDEPENDENT IN A NUTSHELL

Calvin Cycle

The energy from the light dependent reactions is used for a series of reactions called the Calvin Cycle. Calvin Cycle: uses carbon dioxide CO2 gas from the atmosphere and the energy carried by ATP and NADPH to make simple sugars. 1 6-carbon sugar made

1. a CO2 molecule is added to a 5-carbon molecule already in the Calvin Cycle. A 6-carbon molecule is formed 1. +

2. ATP and NADPH are used to split the six-carbon molecules Two 3-Carbon molecules are formed 2. +

3. Most of the 3-Carbon molecules stay in the Calvin Cycle One high energy 3-Carbon molecule leaves the cycle for every 3 CO2 molecules that enter the cycle (3 turns) After two leave (6 turns), they bond together, forming a 6-Carbon sugar molecule This one has been waiting… 3. +

These will be added to CO2 and the cycle continues… 4. Energy from ATP is used to change the remaining 3-carbon molecules back into 5-carbon molecules These will be added to CO2 and the cycle continues… This one has been waiting… 3. +

Calvin Cycle Draw/label on pg. 44 2. 3. 1. 4.

Video Calvin Cycle

Light-dependent reactions capture energy from sunlight and produces oxygen as a byproduct. Light-independent reactions use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars. ATP NADPH

Video Photosynthesis in Detail

….Reactants….. ….Products….. Key: Glucose (sugar) Light Dependent Light Independent Sunlight Thylakoid Chloroplast Calvin Cycle H2O CO2 O2 Stroma Photosystem I Photosystem ll

….Reactants….. Calvin Cycle ….Products….. Glucose Light Dependent Light Independent H2O CO2 ….Reactants….. Sunlight Stroma Thylakoid Calvin Cycle Photosystem ll Photosystem I Chloroplast ….Products….. O2 Glucose