Biomes Standard 5e & 6a

5e: Students know rain forests and deserts on Earth are distributed in bands at specific latitudes. 5e: Students know rain forests and deserts on Earth are distributed in bands at specific latitudes. 6a: Students know weather (in the short run) and climate (in the long run) involve the transfer of energy into and out of the atmosphere. 6a: Students know weather (in the short run) and climate (in the long run) involve the transfer of energy into and out of the atmosphere.

Energy Transfer We learned from last unit that the sun heats the earth unequally, causing differences in temperature. We learned from last unit that the sun heats the earth unequally, causing differences in temperature. We also learned that evaporation and precipitation of water occurs because of the unequal heating. We also learned that evaporation and precipitation of water occurs because of the unequal heating. Because of these two main things, solar energy and precipitation, energy is transferred throughout the globe. Because of these two main things, solar energy and precipitation, energy is transferred throughout the globe.

Weather vs. Climate Energy transfer causes the weather; the state of the atmosphere at a given time or place (temperature, precipitation, humidity, air pressure) Energy transfer causes the weather; the state of the atmosphere at a given time or place (temperature, precipitation, humidity, air pressure) Wind & RainWind & Rain Clouds, lightning, & thunderClouds, lightning, & thunder Disasters: hurricanes, tornadoesDisasters: hurricanes, tornadoes Weather is different from climate; the long term average of weather. Weather is different from climate; the long term average of weather.

What affects climate? Climate in an area is affected by two main things Climate in an area is affected by two main things Direct sunlight (heat)Direct sunlight (heat) PrecipitationPrecipitation Climate directly affects the type of biome Climate directly affects the type of biome Biome is an environment with specific vegetation and organismsBiome is an environment with specific vegetation and organisms If it is cold, you have organisms that are suitable to the ____If it is cold, you have organisms that are suitable to the ____

Sunlight Sunlight gives off different wavelengths Sunlight gives off different wavelengths When it strikes the earth, different wavelengths get reflected while others are absorbed, heating the Earth. When it strikes the earth, different wavelengths get reflected while others are absorbed, heating the Earth. Some of it escapes into space, some reflects back to earth due to greenhouse gases Some of it escapes into space, some reflects back to earth due to greenhouse gases Sunlight Some heat escapes into space Greenhouse gases trap some heat` Atmosphere Earth’s surface Greenhouse Effect

Latitude The amount of direct light can affect the temperature. The amount of direct light can affect the temperature. Remember that the equator gets the most sunlight, and polar regions gets the least. Remember that the equator gets the most sunlight, and polar regions gets the least. Low Sunlight Most direct sunlight Sunlight Low Sunlight 90°N North Pole 66.5°N 23.5°N 0° 23.5°S 66.5°S 90°S South Pole Arctic circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Arctic circle

Precipitation The amount of water falling in the given area can greatly affect the type of climate The amount of water falling in the given area can greatly affect the type of climate Remember that precipitation falls at 0° and 60° Remember that precipitation falls at 0° and 60°

Biomes Because of these two factors combined, we get specific biomes at specific areas. Because of these two factors combined, we get specific biomes at specific areas. For example, at the equator, there is a lot of sunlight, and a lot of precipitation, so there is a tropical rainforest. For example, at the equator, there is a lot of sunlight, and a lot of precipitation, so there is a tropical rainforest. At 30°, there is a lot of sunlight, but little or no precipitation, so there is a desert. At 30°, there is a lot of sunlight, but little or no precipitation, so there is a desert.

Overview Sunlight and precipitation affect the climate Sunlight and precipitation affect the climate Climate over an environment produces a biome Climate over an environment produces a biome A biome has organisms suited to the climate A biome has organisms suited to the climate Biomes generally occur on the same latitudes Biomes generally occur on the same latitudes

Biomes There are two main types of biomes There are two main types of biomes LandLand Aquatic (water)Aquatic (water) We will cover both today We will cover both today

Land Biomes Most land biomes are named after their climax community. Most land biomes are named after their climax community. Some of the land biomes Some of the land biomes TundraTundra Taiga (TIGH-guh)Taiga (TIGH-guh) Temperate deciduous forestTemperate deciduous forest GrasslandGrassland Tropical rain forestTropical rain forest DesertDesert

Tropical rain forest Tropical dry forest Tropical savanna Temperate woodland and shrubland Desert Temperate grassland Boreal forest (Taiga) Northwestern coniferous forest Temperate forest Mountains and ice caps Tundra

Aquatic biomes There are 3 main types of aquatic biomes. There are 3 main types of aquatic biomes. The amount of salt determines the type of biome. The amount of salt determines the type of biome. The 3 main types of aquatic biomes The 3 main types of aquatic biomes FreshwaterFreshwater Marine (saltwater)Marine (saltwater) EstuariesEstuaries

Tundra Tundra Tundra Located near the polesLocated near the poles Treeless biome covered by moss, lichens, and grassesTreeless biome covered by moss, lichens, and grasses Permafrost – a layer of permanently frozen subsoilPermafrost – a layer of permanently frozen subsoil

Taiga Taiga Taiga Covered by coniferous (cone bearing) trees.Covered by coniferous (cone bearing) trees. Bears, wolves, moose, elk are some of the typical animalsBears, wolves, moose, elk are some of the typical animals

Temperate Deciduous Forest Temperate deciduous forest Temperate deciduous forest Plants change during the seasons (leaves change color)Plants change during the seasons (leaves change color)

Grasslands Grasslands Grasslands Most of the rainfall occurs in one part of the seasonMost of the rainfall occurs in one part of the season Hot summers, cold wintersHot summers, cold winters

Tropical Rain Forest Tropical rain forest Tropical rain forest Located at equatorLocated at equator Receive centimeters of rain a yearReceive centimeters of rain a year Constant temperature.Constant temperature. Home of the most types of animals than any other biome. Many colorfulHome of the most types of animals than any other biome. Many colorful

Deserts Deserts Deserts Located at 30° latitudeLocated at 30° latitude Less than 25 cm of rain falls a yearLess than 25 cm of rain falls a year Both plants and animals must be able to retain moisture.Both plants and animals must be able to retain moisture. Birds, lizards, snakes, insects are typicalBirds, lizards, snakes, insects are typical Cactus and sagebrush sparsely cover the areaCactus and sagebrush sparsely cover the area

Freshwater biomes Rivers, streams, and lakes Rivers, streams, and lakes

Marine Biomes Includes all of the ocean Includes all of the ocean Marine biomes are divided into 4 subcategories Marine biomes are divided into 4 subcategories Intertidal zoneIntertidal zone Neritic zoneNeritic zone Open-sea zoneOpen-sea zone Deep-sea zoneDeep-sea zone

Estuaries Estuaries are the boundaries between freshwater and saltwater. Estuaries are the boundaries between freshwater and saltwater. Since it is a mix of the two, a variety of organisms can be supported. Since it is a mix of the two, a variety of organisms can be supported. Examples of estuaries Examples of estuaries Delta, swamp, lagoonDelta, swamp, lagoon

Biome Project In groups of 4-5, create a biome presentation In groups of 4-5, create a biome presentation Give information about the biome, including: Give information about the biome, including: Temperature range (graph)Temperature range (graph) Precipitation (graph)Precipitation (graph) Location (latitudes/areas)Location (latitudes/areas) Plants (vegetation)Plants (vegetation) AnimalsAnimals Brief Description (Examples)Brief Description (Examples) Koppen climate classificationsKoppen climate classifications Posterboard or Powerpoint acceptable Posterboard or Powerpoint acceptable More visuals, the better More visuals, the better points points

To help you out… A Biology Textbook A Biology Textbook boratory/Biome/ boratory/Biome/

Preplan… What kind of presentation will you do? Powerpoint? Posterboard? What kind of presentation will you do? Powerpoint? Posterboard? Who is doing what? Research? Picture finding? Who’s good with computers? Who’s bringing materials? Who is doing what? Research? Picture finding? Who’s good with computers? Who’s bringing materials? When do you want to meet up? Contact info? When do you want to meet up? Contact info? Anything else you can think of… Anything else you can think of…