Important Points See today’s notes: http://mctcteach.org/astronomy/ Objectives, Lecture Summary, Homework If you haven’t given me a code to use for your grades on the class website, see me after. 2nd D2L Quiz is available. Take the quizzes as often as you want. Not graded. Show D2L quiz

Moon

Moon Terminology Terminator Craters Mare Phases Rotation Revolution Observing Projects: Moon Phases (starts today) Moon Craters (starts next week) http://www.astronomy.org/StarWatch/January/1-15-08-moon.jpg

Motion Everything is in motion Some motion is easy to see, some is not Earth rotates and revolves in the counterclockwise direction Moon rotates and revolves in the counterclockwise direction

Moon’s Motion You decide to watch our moon for a few hours one night. Which way does it move in the sky? 1. Toward the east 2. Toward the west (Show on Starry Night) Toward west, same as sun

What is moving. 1. Moon orbits 2. Earth spins 3 What is moving? 1. Moon orbits 2. Earth spins 3. Both What is moving that predominantly causes the motion you just saw? 3. Sun moves 3 and then 2

About how long does Earth take to spin (rotate) once? 1. ~1 hour 2. ~1 day 3. ~1 month 4. ~1 year 2. 1 day

About how long does Moon take to orbit (revolve) once around Earth? 1. ~1 hour 2. ~1 day 3. ~1 month 4. ~1 year 3. 1 month

Which way does Moon revolve (orbit)? 1. Same direction that Earth spins 2. Opposite direction that Earth spins (View from space with Solar System simulator) (Draw it) same

If you watch Moon for a few hours, which motion dominates? 1. Moon’s motion due Earth’s spin (rotation) 2. Moon’s motion due to its own orbit around Earth (revolution) (Draw it) 1.

If you note Moon’s position from one hour to the next, predict if it will move 1. East to west 2. West to east If you note Moon’s position from one night to the next, predict if it will move Starry Night for both 1 and then 2

Conclusion on Moon’s motion: Minute to minute the Sun, Moon, stars appear to rise in east and set in west due to Earth’s spin (rotation). Day to day, Moon moves west to east due to Moon’s orbit (revolution) around Earth

How much does Moon move? Add degrees to drawing About 12 degrees per day: 360/30 days ~ 12deg Moon rises about 50 minutes later each day

Moon Phases What we see from Earth… New Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent What we see from Earth…

Moon Phases What we see from space…

Moon Phases Handout moon phases observation Orerry with light

Moon Phases Sun Orerry with light

Moon Phases Drawing/explanation of Phases and Moon location in orbit around Earth Observing Project: Moon Phases

Moon Phases Observation Jan. 22 to Mar 3 to complete Record phases and location of the Moon over 4 separate dates. Ideally you try to observe 2-4 different phases of the Moon. There are 8 phases of the Moon over ~28 days. Class website has more details in Moon Phases observation file. Turn in the Moon Phases Observation sheet (print from the website calendar).

Full Moon/Horizon illusion Full Moon/Horizon illusion. Super Moon is only 10% larger at perigee than apogee Pass out scratch paper for survey http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050623.html http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap011015.html

http://antwrp. gsfc. nasa. gov/apod/image/0505/lighthouse_landolfi_big http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/lighthouse_landolfi_big.jpg

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap120824.html

Does the Moon rotate? We pretty much always see the same side of Moon. There is no dark side of the Moon because all of it gets lit by the sun at some point.

Moon’s libration http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap040829.html

Moon Phases Survey Use scratch paper Write full name 6 multiple choice questions

Moon Phases Survey Top view Not to scale Five positions of Moon Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

11. Which position of Moon has the GREATEST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface. Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

12. Which position of Moon has the LEAST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface. Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

13. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon 13. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

14. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon 14. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

15. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon 15. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E Moon images from http://www.cstarsoas.org.nz/index.php?mod=art&id_pag=52

16. In the moon phase pictures on the right, what causes Moon to change its appearance this way? As Moon orbits Earth, Earth’s shadow covers Moon. Clouds block part of Moon from our view. c. As Moon orbits Earth, we see different views of Moon’s sunlit side.

Moon Survey Answers

11. Which position of Moon has the GREATEST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface. Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

12. Which position of Moon has the LEAST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface. Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

13. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon 13. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

14. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon 14. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

15. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon 15. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Sun Earth Sunlight NOT TO SCALE Moon’s Orbit A B C D E Moon images from http://www.cstarsoas.org.nz/index.php?mod=art&id_pag=52

16. In the moon phase pictures on the right, what causes Moon to change its appearance this way? As Moon orbits Earth, Earth’s shadow covers Moon. Clouds block part of Moon from our view. c. As Moon orbits Earth, we see different views of Moon’s sunlit side.

7 Observation Projects Planetarium (10 points) Sunset – Part 1  (10 points) Moon Phases  (10 points) Safe Sun Prep Work  (10 points) Sunset – Part 2  (10 points) Moon Craters  (10 points) Star Gazing  (10 points) Telescope  (10 points) TOTAL POINTS = 80 Note 2 moon related observations**

Sunset Part 1 Observation Jan. 20 to Feb. 12 to complete Take a picture of the sunset with 30o open region to the right of the sun (spring sunset). Use fist method (arm outstretched) to measure 30o (3 fist lengths) to the right/north of sunset now. Specific directions on website for what you need to write down. Turn in the picture with details listed in the calendar sunset observation file. Part 2: Apr. 2 to Apr. 28 to complete the 2nd picture in EXACT SAME SPOT

7 Observation Projects OBSERVING PROJECTS (All 7, in order of due date) Planetarium (Exploradome at MCTC): Feb. 3 Sunset – Part 1 Start: Jan. 20; Due: Feb. 12 Moon Phases Start: Jan. 22; Due: Mar. 3 Safe Sun Prep Work Start: Mar. 19; Due: Mar. 26+ Sunset – Part 2 Start: Apr. 2; Due: Apr. 28 Moon Craters Start: Jan. 29; Due: May 5 Star Gazing Start: Jan. 29; Due: May 5 Telescope Start: Jan. 29; Due: May 5