Photosynthesis & Cell Respiration Chapters 8 & 9 Miss Colabelli Biology CPA

Obtaining Energy Autotrophs Heterotrophs Organisms that get their energy from the sun Use photosynthesis to make ATP Ex: plants Heterotrophs Organisms that get energy from eating foods Ex: humans

Why is photosynthesis important? Makes organic molecules out of inorganic molecules Makes glucose (sugar) from sunlight It begins ALL food chains and webs Also provides oxygen gas to the atmosphere

Photosynthesis = “putting together with light” Process that uses sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose Plants use glucose as food Autotrophs make glucose and heterotrophs are consumers of it

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Overview Light reactions Calvin Cycle Two parts to photosynthesis Light reactions Require sunlight to occur Creates ATP and NADPH (a different form of energy) Also makes O2 as a byproduct Calvin Cycle Does not require sunlight When CO2, ATP, and NADPH make glucose 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Chloroplasts Parts of the chloroplast Thylakoids Granum Stroma Flattened sacs where reactions occur Granum A stack of thylakoids Stroma Space between the grana

Light Reactions During light reactions, the plant’s _________________absorb the sunlight First part of _________________ H2O + sunlight  O2 Occurs in the _________________ of the chloroplast

Light Reactions When __________ is split during these reactions, oxygen gas is made as a _________________ The sunlight is used to break down the water and create ______and _________

Calvin Cycle Second part of _________________ CO2  ______________ Occurs in the _____________ of the chloroplast

Rate of Photosynthesis __________factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis ____________intensity _________ ____________ levels ____________

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Cellular Respiration Process that our cells use to break down food and create ______ Takes place in the ____________ Two Parts to Cellular Respiration (when ______ is present) ____________ ____________ Respiration Two parts to ____________(when O2 is not present) ____________(alcoholic or lactic acid) C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

Glycolysis Process when glucose is broken down to make ____________ ____________, _______, and ____________ Takes place in the ____________ The pyruvic acid made can either go to _________________ or ____________ respiration Depends if there is ____________ or not If there is oxygen present  ____________ respiration If oxygen is not present  ____________

Aerobic Respiration Occurs only in the presence of ____________ Happens in two stages ____________ cycle ____________ ____________ ____________ Occurs in _________________ ____________(cytoplasm in the mitochondria)

Krebs Cycle Named after scientist ______ ______ Process takes pyruvic acid and makes a molecule called ____________ _______ + ________ Also makes some _______ , _______, _______ These are the needed _______ for the electron transport chain

Electron Transport Chain Uses products from the _______ _______ to make a lot of _______ for our cells Occurs in the mitochondrial ______________ called _________ This process requires __________ in order to work

Fermentation Process that occurs if oxygen is _______ present Pyruvic acid will be fixed to become _______ _______ or ___________ (depends on the organism)

Lactic Acid Fermentation Occurs in our _______ as well as in some _____________ to help make yogurts and cheeses In our bodies, lactic acid builds up as _______ __________

Alcoholic Fermentation Occurs in organisms such as __________ This process creates ______ and __________ __________ If the CO2 is released, you make a __________ alcohol (wine) If CO2 is not released, you make a __________ or __________ alcohol (champagne)

Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration Cellular Respiration Function Energy Breakdown Location Chloroplasts Reactants C6H12O6 and O2 Products CO2 and H2O Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O