—— Lu Shan

Improving the quality of underground environment T he Significance of Sunlight to Underground Space physiological psychological Saving energy consumption illumination refrigeration The permeability of sunlight and natural scene is key factor in design of underground environment. Underground buildings need more lights and ventilators to make up illuminance deficiency and bad ventilation condition.

P rinciples of Sunlight Collecting Passive sunlight collecting the structures or devices accept sunlight passively, without automatically tracing the obit of the sun Active sunlight collecting the active sunlight system automatically tracks the sun with electricity control or light control collectingtransmission defusing replacement

P assive sunlight collecting system Central atriums The central atrium solve the problems of closure and lacking of natural scene of underground buildings. And it is also the most diversified, attractive and nature-intimate space, easy to become a mark of the building. Eton Center

P assive sunlight collecting system Sunken plaza is some encircled open public space which totally or partially sinks into the surrounding environment, turning the underground building into semi-underground, providing ways to solve the problems of lighting, ventilation, fire prevention and the like for commercial and transport facilities connected to it. “Watermark City” plaza in Hang Zhou Sunken plazas

P assive sunlight collecting system Sight light wells and skylights mix with surrounding environment so that can not only play a role in lighting and ventilation but also harmonize the surface scenery planning. Sight light wells and skylights Napoleon Square

Innovative designs for underground or semi-underground buildings reflectional skylight & sunken sunlight room P assive sunlight collecting system Designed by engineer Zhu Daming and Yan Peng from the 3rd research institute of engineering corpsman. Using the principles of reflection, the designs can bring more sunlight into further depth of the room, thus improve the quality of the inner environment of underground or semi-underground buildings. Reflectional skylightSunken sunlight room

P assive sunlight collecting system Passive light pipe The passive light pipe can be viewed as an improved skylight. In a sunny day, it can bring soft sunlight into dim space indoors or the rooms contain combustibles and don not fit to use electric lights. Collecting dome: PC or PMMA, reflection ridges; Pipe: 3M’s prism film, >99%; Diffuser: turn point light into more soft ray

P assive sunlight collecting system Detail treatments Some Detail treatments used in ground buildings could also be used for improving the lighting condition in underground space.  Ground building reflection structures Lenses combined with skylights Advanced roof style ---- DSWS

A ctive sunlight collecting system Lens reflection system  collector: made of lenses or reflect mirrors, collect and concentrate sunlight; light well: well like structure, transit light; final devices: diffuse the light.  The idea was first raised by P Y Nagi in “Sunlighting for inner space”. Though the system is not widely used today, Nagi hoped it could arouse the attention of the persons of same profession in science and architecture.

A ctive sunlight collecting system Example 1: Daylighting system in C\ME building of Minnesota University the result showed that the total cost of this system was just 1/8 of the cost of a normal artificial illumination system.

A ctive sunlight collecting system “Sunflower system” More than 400 international patents and decade-long operation practice in the market abroad. GPS traces the sun precisely anywhere; Special six-bundle optic fibers transit the light to a length over 3kms; Final diversified diffusers possess many different functions.

A ctive sunlight collecting system Example 2: Qinghua low energy consumption demonstration building the test result showed that the system could transit the light to a distance of 200m, and a depth of 30m underground.

Conclusion To permeate sunlight and outer natural scenery through technology methods means a lot to the environment improvement of underground spaces. Many experts in the fields of building illumination have began to realize the importance of day-lighting and try to investigate such products of our own IPR. We will make a breakthrough in the not-too-distant future!

Thanks !