Chapter 34

 Biotic factors are living things that affect an organism (predators)  Abiotic factors are non-living components in an environment like water, sunlight, temperature, and soil.  Disturbances can occur like fire, storms, and droughts

 Location: South and Central America, Africa, S. East Asia  Climate: As much as 350 cm rain per year, hot and humid climate  Most diverse biome  Are cut down and burned for farming.  Slash and burn agriculture  Soil is weak and nutrient poor

 North Africa  Warm climate with alternating wet and dry seasons  Grassland with scattered trees, lots of grazing animals  Periodic fires, poaching

 American Southwest, Africa, Middle east  Less than 30 cm of rain per year, temperatures may be hot during the day and very cold at night  Plants that store water like cacti, Animals tend to be light colored so they don’t absorb heat, and have adaptations to conserve water  Desertification- development of new deserts due to environmental problems

 California and Mediterranean coast  Mild rainy winter and hot dry summers  Dense spiny shrubs, reptiles, small mammals  Periodic fires

 American Midwest  Colder winters than savanna, Four distinct seasons, Not enough rain for trees  Grasses, grazing animals, insects, birds  Periodic fire and drought, rich soil for farming

 Northeast US, Europe, China  Four distinct seasons  Deciduous trees lose their leaves like oak, hickory, maple  We live in this biome, lots of development

 Maine, Washington, Oregon, Canada  Cold temperatures, shorter growing seasons and long snowy winters  Trees with needles and cones like pine, spruce and fir, moose, bears, beavers  Also called taiga, trees used for lumber and paper

 Near North and South Pole, Alaska  Cold long snowy winter, short cool summer, Frozen soil – permafrost (poor drainage)  Mosses, lichens – few large plants  Rich in natural resources, important fishing industry

 Photic zone  Aphotic zone  Phytoplankton  Benthic zone

 Places where salt and fresh water mix  Very diverse

 Pelagic zone/Oceanic zone  Abyssal zone  Intertidal zone  Neritic zone  Zooplankton  Coral reef  Hydrothermal vents