Sleeping The ignored behavior!

Defining/describing sleep Decreased awareness & interaction with world Decreased motility & muscular activity Characteristic posture Partial or totl decrement in vol. consciously directed behavior Decreased forebrain activity & cortical input from lower centers

Sleep as a behavior Quietude Life span decrease Brain activity/EEG & reactivity

Theories of sleeping Motivation Energy conservation Restorative Memory consolidation Adaptive

Necessity of sleep! Arguments for necessity Arguments against Conclusion

Dreaming:what & why? Multiple perspecties and much speculation!

Deam behavior & description Within sleep Amount Brainwave activity & bodily quietude:the paradox REM

Dreams & REM sleep REM amount & periodicity Brainstem cholinergic & adrenergic promoting & inhibiting areas Hobson experiment

Theories of Dreaming Dreams as meaningful events: Freud --Poetzel effect --Dement & Kleitman implications Hall/Cartright Dreams as random activity (Hobson +) Synthesis (perhaps)

Dream Characteristics Lack of active volition Absence of ongoing reflective judgment Limited to phenomena of the immediate present Diffuse cognitive slippage--dreamlike confusion- transformations of perception, thought, memory, emotion, relationships, etc. Gaps in experience: 20% Confusion of thought & irrat. intuitions: 41% Problems in sustained attention: 5% Memory deficiencies within the dream: 15% Overall, even 51% of "clearest dreams" had clouding of cs. --But not radical (scz, psychedelic) but rather more like that of waking life Can even have hallucinations or psychedelic exper. in dreams (as in waking life!) ex. flying 4%, bizarre figures, 4%, changed identity 3%, LSD-like transformations of vision 13%. Mostly visual 47%. Somatic 10%, audit. 14%.