Sport Facility Management

Chapter 5 Facility Site and Design

Raymond James Stadium in Tampa Bay, Florida (finished in 1999) Total seats- 66,321, expandable to 75,000 Total seats- 66,321, expandable to 75,000 Club seats- Yes Club seats- Yes Luxury suites- 159 Luxury suites- 159 Disabled seats- 300 disabled and 300 companion-expandable to 650 Disabled seats- 300 disabled and 300 companion-expandable to 650 Seat size ” Seat size ” Seat-to-seat space ” Seat-to-seat space ” Escalators-20 Escalators-20 Elevators- 20 Elevators- 20 Guest TVs- 1,158 Guest TVs- 1,158 Permanent novelty stands-8 Permanent novelty stands-8 Permanent concession satnds-48 Permanent concession satnds-48 Temporary concession stands- 124 Temporary concession stands- 124 Security cameras- 12 Security cameras- 12 Restrooms- 44 Restrooms- 44 Information booths- 12 Information booths- 12 ATMs- 8 ATMs- 8 Press box seating- 225 Press box seating- 225 First aid rooms- 5 First aid rooms- 5

American Airlines Center Facts 19,200 seats for basketball 19,200 seats for basketball 18,500 seats for hockey 18,500 seats for hockey 20,021 seating capacity for concerts 20,021 seating capacity for concerts 1,600 club seats 1,600 club seats 2,000 platinum seats 2,000 platinum seats Over 500 accessible seats Over 500 accessible seats 142 suites ranging in price from $150,000-$300,000 per season 142 suites ranging in price from $150,000-$300,000 per season 840,000 square feet 840,000 square feet 24 ticket windows 24 ticket windows 12 escalators/10 elevators 12 escalators/10 elevators 550 televisions throughout the facility 550 televisions throughout the facility 280 men’s rooms urinals and 96 stalls 280 men’s rooms urinals and 96 stalls 337 women’s room stalls 337 women’s room stalls

Staples Center, Los Angeles, CA (2000) Basketball Seating: 20,000 Basketball Seating: 20,000 Hockey Seating: 18,118 Hockey Seating: 18,118 Luxury Suites: 160 Luxury Suites: 160 Concession Stands: 23 Concession Stands: 23 Elevators: 10 Elevators: 10 Escalators: 11 Escalators: 11 Restrooms: 55 Restrooms: 55 Locker Rooms: 12 Locker Rooms: 12 Watts of Audio Amplifications: 125,500 Watts of Audio Amplifications: 125,500 Feet of Fiber Optic Cable: 148,000 Feet of Fiber Optic Cable: 148,000 Tons of Structural Steel: 2,500 Tons of Structural Steel: 2,500 Cubic Yards of Concrete: 73,000 Cubic Yards of Concrete: 73,000 Miles of Data/Telephone Cables: 14 Miles of Data/Telephone Cables: 14 Square Yards of Carpeting: 32,500 Square Yards of Carpeting: 32,500 Square Feet of Terrazzo Tile: 81,000 Square Feet of Terrazzo Tile: 81,000 Square Feet of Drywall: 2,865,000 Square Feet of Drywall: 2,865,000 Feet of Broadcast production Cable: 3,800,000 Feet of Broadcast production Cable: 3,800,000

Maple Leaf Gardens It took 1,200 construction workers five months and twelve days to build the yellow brick faced structure. It took 1,200 construction workers five months and twelve days to build the yellow brick faced structure. The Gardens was built for $1.5 million dollars. The Gardens was built for $1.5 million dollars. The Gardens had 16,000 seats and 85 boxes. The Gardens had 16,000 seats and 85 boxes. Construction costs were minimized as a result of agreements made with labor unions to provide the workers with Maple Leaf Gardens stock in place of a portion of their earnings. Construction costs were minimized as a result of agreements made with labor unions to provide the workers with Maple Leaf Gardens stock in place of a portion of their earnings. The building materials included 750,000 bricks, 77,500 bags of cement and 70 tons of sand. The building materials included 750,000 bricks, 77,500 bags of cement and 70 tons of sand. The 350’ by 282’ (106m by 86m) building extends thirteen stories (40m) above street level. The 350’ by 282’ (106m by 86m) building extends thirteen stories (40m) above street level. Opening night seat prices ranged from 95 cents to $2.75. Opening night seat prices ranged from 95 cents to $2.75.

Yale University Facilities The Yale Bowl The Yale Bowl opened in 1914 for the Yale-Harvard football game. The Bowl has hosted professional football, World Cup soccer, and the 1995 World Special Olympics Games. The stadium covers 12.5 acres and can hold 65,000 fans. The Bowl is 930 feet long by 750 feet. When the stadium was built, horse drawn vehicles moved 320,000 cubic feet of earth to create the Bowl shape which was formed with 22,000 cubic yards of concrete and 470 tons of steel. There is approximately 30 miles of wooden-backed seats. The entire stadium cost $750,000 (The Ohio Stadium highlighted in the Big Ten chart above cost $1.3 million to build in 1922) and has undergone several renovations including a new scoreboard in 1958, a press box in 1986 and a new field in The Yale Bowl opened in 1914 for the Yale-Harvard football game. The Bowl has hosted professional football, World Cup soccer, and the 1995 World Special Olympics Games. The stadium covers 12.5 acres and can hold 65,000 fans. The Bowl is 930 feet long by 750 feet. When the stadium was built, horse drawn vehicles moved 320,000 cubic feet of earth to create the Bowl shape which was formed with 22,000 cubic yards of concrete and 470 tons of steel. There is approximately 30 miles of wooden-backed seats. The entire stadium cost $750,000 (The Ohio Stadium highlighted in the Big Ten chart above cost $1.3 million to build in 1922) and has undergone several renovations including a new scoreboard in 1958, a press box in 1986 and a new field in 1993.

Yale University Facilities Coxe Cage Coxe Cage is the home to Yale’s men's and women's indoor track teams which was originally constructed in 1928 at a cost of $300,000 and renovated in the early 1980s. The Cage (356 feet by 156 feet) has an 83- foot ceiling and reportedly one of the largest skylights ever built (26,000 square foot). There is approximately 3.3 million cubic feet of air space in the structure. All indoor track and field events are held within the oval Cage, including throwing events (“Coxe Cage,” 2002). Coxe Cage is the home to Yale’s men's and women's indoor track teams which was originally constructed in 1928 at a cost of $300,000 and renovated in the early 1980s. The Cage (356 feet by 156 feet) has an 83- foot ceiling and reportedly one of the largest skylights ever built (26,000 square foot). There is approximately 3.3 million cubic feet of air space in the structure. All indoor track and field events are held within the oval Cage, including throwing events (“Coxe Cage,” 2002). Yale Tennis Center The tennis complex at Yale includes 22 outdoor Deco Turf II courts, five outdoor clay courts, four indoor Deco Turf II courts, and a 15,000-seat, one court, tennis stadium. The stadium is the fourth largest in the world, and third largest in the United States. Each August, The Pilot Pen International Tournament is played on the outdoor courts. In addition to the outdoor courts there is an indoor tennis center with four courts (Bialik, 1998). The tennis complex at Yale includes 22 outdoor Deco Turf II courts, five outdoor clay courts, four indoor Deco Turf II courts, and a 15,000-seat, one court, tennis stadium. The stadium is the fourth largest in the world, and third largest in the United States. Each August, The Pilot Pen International Tournament is played on the outdoor courts. In addition to the outdoor courts there is an indoor tennis center with four courts (Bialik, 1998).

Yale Facilities Yale BowlPayne Whitney Gym

Site Selection Issues Site issues may include: -Detailed geography (soil, subsoil, vegetation) -Detailed geography (soil, subsoil, vegetation) -Population composite (demographics of area) -Population composite (demographics of area) -Constituency representation (political clout) -Constituency representation (political clout) -Flood area (drainage, runoff) -Flood area (drainage, runoff) -Climate, precipitation, winds, natural disaster strikes (i.e. hurricane paths, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, etc.) -Climate, precipitation, winds, natural disaster strikes (i.e. hurricane paths, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, etc.) -Capital Improvement Plan maps (illustrating current and planned projects by council district) -Capital Improvement Plan maps (illustrating current and planned projects by council district) -Enterprise zone ownership and land use maps -Enterprise zone ownership and land use maps -Acreage (adequate for buildings, parking, picnic areas, etc.) -Additional acreage for expansion, -Acreage (adequate for buildings, parking, picnic areas, etc.) -Additional acreage for expansion, -Shape (acute angles or odd shapes are possible wasted space. -Shape (acute angles or odd shapes are possible wasted space. -Topography (level terrain, steep slopes) -Topography (level terrain, steep slopes) -zoning regulations (permit required, parking, setbacks, etc.) -zoning regulations (permit required, parking, setbacks, etc.) -access (from principal roads, local streets, truck-or bus access) -access (from principal roads, local streets, truck-or bus access) -security considerations -security considerations

Site Selection Issues Following the selection of a proposed site, the following features of the site plan should be considered: Off-site nuisances (for example; rivers, sewage treatment plants, industries) Off-site nuisances (for example; rivers, sewage treatment plants, industries) Safety factors (roads, buffer zones, sight-lines, emergency access) Safety factors (roads, buffer zones, sight-lines, emergency access) Proper drainage for turf and hard-surface areas (flood zone area) Proper drainage for turf and hard-surface areas (flood zone area) Fencing and planting to serve as separation of areas Fencing and planting to serve as separation of areas Placement of service building for safety, control and supervision (access for vehicles) Placement of service building for safety, control and supervision (access for vehicles) Layout of walkways for safe and efficient circulation (must meet ADA requirements) Layout of walkways for safe and efficient circulation (must meet ADA requirements) Lighting of fields, courts and general areas Lighting of fields, courts and general areas Cost of maintenance (preventative and corrective) Cost of maintenance (preventative and corrective) Provision of first-aid facilities, equipment and supplies Provision of first-aid facilities, equipment and supplies Advantage should be taken of existing topographic features, trees and vegetation Advantage should be taken of existing topographic features, trees and vegetation Accessibility and use of the site for the aging and disabled, and Accessibility and use of the site for the aging and disabled, and Use of durable and vandal-proof materials and equipment. Use of durable and vandal-proof materials and equipment.

Site Selection Issues Various factors that go into making a final decision include: Review of feasibility studies (economic and political impact) Review of feasibility studies (economic and political impact) Permits (lease, license or letter) Permits (lease, license or letter) Site information (environnemental issues) Site information (environnemental issues) Regulations (building codes, health ordinances etc.) Regulations (building codes, health ordinances etc.) Community involvement Community involvement Financing (public or private) Financing (public or private) Easements Easements Zoning (cluster, flood-plain, open-space) Zoning (cluster, flood-plain, open-space) Restrictive covenants Restrictive covenants Aesthetic value and, Aesthetic value and, Recreational opportunities Recreational opportunities

Site Selection Process The following diagram highlights all the various issues that impact the site location decision. Site Selection Criteria Suitability of Site Site Selection Criteria Suitability of Site Competitive Forces Special Restrictions Alternative LocationsLocation/Land Site Development Concerns Lease vs. Purchase Tax Implications Mission and Goals Government Regulations Valuation Concerns Neighbor Concerns

Environmental Issues Need to check soil- soil samples or core drilling Need to check soil- soil samples or core drilling Check grading to make sure the site is useable Check grading to make sure the site is useable Check environmental issues and endangered animals Check environmental issues and endangered animals

Buying vs. leasing What is the best option? What is the best option? Perform an economic impact analysis Perform an economic impact analysis

Features What features would you most like to include in your ideal NBA arena? What features would you most like to include in your ideal NBA arena? Draw a rough layout of the arena. Draw a rough layout of the arena.

Discussion Questions Page 100 Page and and 5