Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 5 The Axial Skeletal- Vertebral Column and Thoracic cage

The Vertebral Column Slide 5.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

The Vertebral Column Slide 5.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings 26 total vertebrae in 5 regions cervical-7 thoracic-12 lumbar-5 sacral-1 (5 fused) coccygeal-1 (4 fused)

The Vertebral Column Slide 5.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.14

Structures of a Typical Vertebra Slide 5.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.16 facet Weight- bearing part Spinal cord passes Bridge betwn SP and TP Bridge betwn TP and body Posterior; MA

Structures of a Typical Vertebra Slide 5.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.16 Superior articular facet Inferior articular facet Art. With other vertebrae

Structures of a Typical Vertebra Slide 5.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.16 Intervertebral foramen Horizontal foramen; formed when 2 vertebrae articulate Horizontal foramen; formed when 2 vertebrae articulate Cushion; shock absorption

Structures of a Typical Vertebra Slide 5.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.16 Nucleus pulposus Annulus fibrosus

Homeostatic Imbalances Slide 5.31a Herniated discSpina bifida Scoliosis Epidural

Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7) Slide 5.30a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.17a, b facet * Transverse Foramina Short Spinous Process Smallest & Lightest Transverse Foramina Short Spinous Process Smallest & Lightest

Special Cervical Vertebrae Slide 5.30a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.17a, b (Odontoid process) * No body * Superior articulating facets No spinous process * *

Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12) Slide 5.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.17c, d * * Larger Than Cervical Heart Shaped Body 2 Costal Facets for Ribs Long Spinous Process (hooks downward) Larger Than Cervical Heart Shaped Body 2 Costal Facets for Ribs Long Spinous Process (hooks downward)

Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5) Slide 5.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.17c, d * * Massive Block-like Body Largest Vertebrae Massive Block-like Body Largest Vertebrae

Sacrum (1 bone)- 5 fused bones Slide 5.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.17c, d Articulate with hip bones (coxal bones) of appendicular skeleton Articulate with hip bones (coxal bones) of appendicular skeleton (sacroiliac joint) Forms posterior wall of pelvis Articulates with L5 & Coccyx & Hip Bones Forms posterior wall of pelvis Articulates with L5 & Coccyx & Hip Bones

Coccyx (1 bone) 3-4 fused Slide 5.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Vestigial- No function Vestigial- No function Remnant of the tail

4 structures of thoracic cage (rib cage) Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thoracic vertebrae Ribs Costal cartilage Sternum

Thoracic Vertebrae of thoracic cage Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.19a Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) 12 VERTEBRA FOR 12 PRS RIBS

Costal cartilage of thoracic cage Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.19a Attaches to rib pairs #1-10

Ribs of Thoracic Cage Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.19a Each has own cartilage to sternum All share cartilage to sternum Not attached to sternum 12 prs ribs= 12 thoracic vertebrae

Sternum of Thoracic Cage Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.19a

Sternum of Thoracic Cage Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 5.19a Articulates with clavicles of appendicular skeleton and attaches to rib prs #1-2 by cartilage Attaches to rib prs #3-10 by cartilage Abdominal muscle attachment

Sternal practical applications Slide 5.31a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sternal puncture Marrow biopsy