Slide 1 Intensive Livestock Farming Ineke Jansen Tallinn, March 2007

Slide 2 Ineke Jansen Province of Zeeland, Netherlands Head Environmental Department 220 sites; about 50 IPPC installations 3 on intensive rearing of pigs

Slide 3 Content What animals are we talking about Key environmental issues Animal welfare Whole chain concept How to come to BAT: housing systems landspreading of manure Conclusions

Slide 4 Poultry: Chicken laying hens and broilers (Turkeys, ducks and Guinea fowls) Pigs: Mating and gestating sows Farrowing sows Weaned piglets Growers/finishers

Slide 5 = Laying hen Broilers =

Slide 6 Mating sowGestating sow Farrowing sow Weaned piglets

Slide 7 GrowerFinisher

Slide 8 Farm activities: Farm management Feeding strategy Rearing of animals: housing systems Collection and storage of manure On-site treatment of manure Landspreading of manure

Slide 9 Key environmental issues Emissions to: air (ammonia) soil and groundwater (N, P) Energy and water Waste

Slide 10 Animal welfare Water for the animals Housing systems cages versus free range systems for laying hens litter based systems for pigs materials for enrichment for pigs and chickens light, heating/cooling, ventilation, ….

Slide 11 Whole chain concept

Slide 12 How to come to BAT How to come from Chapter 4  Chapter 5 A tool for the BAT-assessment Reference system (few data + climate conditions) Applied for assessing: housing systems for pigs housing systems for layers and broilers air abatement systems in housings

Slide 13

Slide 14 Housing systems; pigs Reduce manure pit Remove manure Flush with liquid part Cool manure surface Use smooth surfaces

Slide 15 Housing systems; pigs The conclusions in Chapter 5: BAT Conditional BAT; odour BAT for systems that are already in place Split view from one Member State Littered systems

Slide 16 Housing systems; laying hens Conventional cage housing: Ban on new: 2003 Total ban: 2012

Slide 17 Housing systems; laying hens The conclusions in Chapter 5: Conventional cage housing BAT: quick removal of manure quick removal and drying of manure Conditional BAT

Slide 18 Housing systems; laying hens The conclusions in Chapter 5: Enriched cage concept is the only alternative BAT assessment not possible Non-cage housing BAT, although higher ammonia and dust emissions

Slide 19 Housing systems; broilers Reference: simple closed building with litter; no cage The conclusions in Chapter 5: BAT Conditional BAT; the Combideck system BAT for systems that are already in place

Slide 20 Landspreading of slurry BAT for applying slurry to arable land: Injection Bandspreading + incorporation < 4 hours

Slide 21 Landspreading of slurry Split view: Bandspreading with / without incorporation Not BAT: Conventional broadcasting No consensus on: Improved broadcasting + incorporation

Slide 22 Landspreading of solid manure BAT for applying solid manure - from pig and poultry - to arable land: Incorporation < 12 hours Split view on pig and poultry manure: Incorporation < 24 hours

Slide 23 Conclusions The TWG reached a high degree of consensus on the BREF document and on the BAT-conclusions Five split views were reported A useful document for the permitwriter The Province of Zeeland is offering you practical help in your permitwriting processes

Slide 24 Conclusions A whole new ‘living’ area for the EIPPCB