Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 43 Disorders of the Skeletal System: Trauma, Infections, Neoplasms, and.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function Chapter 42 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
Advertisements

V. Skeleton
Fractures and Bone Healing
Dr. Maha Arafah 2013 MUSCULOSKELETAL BLOCK Pathology Fracture and bone healing.
MCQ 1-Acute osteomyelitis is commonly caused by: a. Staph aureus.
Skeletal Disorders May Occur with Bone, Cartilage, Ligaments, Joints.
19 Sept. 2012Bone_tissue.ppt1. 19 Sept. 2012Bone_tissue.ppt2 BONES and SKELETAL TISSUES Skeletal System: a framework, foundation for body & solid support.
Anatomy and Physiology  Bones and Joints  Bones provide framework and support; classified by shape and composition  Joints: where two or more bones.
MUSCULOSKELETAL BLOCK Pathology Lecture 1: Fracture and bone healing
Bone Formation, Growth and Remodeling. Bone formation The Skeleton is formed from two of the strongest and most supportive tissues in the body: Cartilage.
Chapter 5 The Skeletal System: Pathology
Section 36-1 The Skeletal Systems.
Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 42 Structure and Function of the Skeletal System.
Cartilage and Bone Structure and Function. Bones.
SKELETAL SYSTEM. Diseases/Disorders Sprain – stretched or torn ligament or tendon Arthritis – inflamed joint Osteomyelitis – infected bone Osteoporosis.
Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. SKELETAL SYSTEM.
Fractures and Bone Healing H Biology II Adapted
Copyright © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Chapter 6 Musculoskeletal System Diseases and Disorders.
Skeletal System Disorders. Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone Causes include: invading bacteria, pneumonia, typhoid, inflammation of teeth, and injury.
Copyright © 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Timby/Smith: Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10/e Chapter 62: Caring for.
Skeletal Muscle LECTURE PACKET 8 READING: CHAPTER 5 COPYRIGHT 2008 PEARSON EDUCATION.
Skeletal System Abnormalities, Disorders, etc.. Spine Curvatures Scoliosis (thoracic curvature)
Calcium Bone is major reserve of calcium Calcium ions become available for other tissues –Bone must be destroyed to release the calcium Calcium-too high.
With sufficient amounts of calcium in the body nerve responses are much better. As calcium decrease nerve function can be altered. If the body does not.
Cartilage Structure No nerves or blood vessels Surrounded by perichondrium Matrix Lacunae Chondrocyte.
Bone Fractures Anatomy & Physiology. How Do Bones Fracture? Trauma  Directly to the bone (impact, tension, or compression)  Bending the two ends of.
PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.
DEVELOPMENT and GROWTH
Copyright © 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 43 Disorders of the Skeletal System: Metabolic and Rheumatic Disorders.
December 12, 2014  Journal: What is the difference between a ball and socket joint and a hinge joint?
Skeletal System. The skeletal System... What are the general components of the skeletal system? What does the skeletal system do for you & how does it.
+ The Skeletal System Bone Growth and Repair. Types of Bone Cells Slide 5.15 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Chapter 5 Bone Formation and Remodeling
Hyaline: support and flexibility Articular cartilage Costal cartilage Laryngeal cartilage Tracheal cartilage Nasal cartilage Epiphyseal plate.
MUSCULOSKELETAL BLOCK Pathology Lecture 1: Fracture and bone healing
Anatomy and Physiology I Unit 4: The Skeletal System Physiology of the Skeletal System.
Skeletal System Overview. Bones are alive  These are dead bones  These are living bones.
Down to the Bare Bones Composition & Function. Bones to Know.
Musculoskeletal System Diseases and Disorders
A lump in the leg Quiz past exam Q Name the characteristic features of a synovial joint 1.Joint capsule 2.Synovial membrane 3.Synovial fluid / joint.
Bones H.Smith.
PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.
Chapter 5 Gross & Microscopic Bone Anatomy
The Skeletal System Chapter 6
Bone Tissue Chapter 6. Functions of Bone Support - surrounding tissue Protect - vital organs and other tissues Movement - attachment for muscles Mineral.
Physical Activity Injuries Lecture 2 FDSc FISM year 1 Janis Leach.
Skeletal System Chapter 5. carpals metacarpals sternum mandible humerus cranium.
1.2 The Skeletal System The ankle bone’s connected to the… shin bone… the shin bone’s connected to the knee bone…
Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Timby/Smith: Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 11/e Chapter 62: Caring for.
PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing.
Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling
Causes of Musculoskeletal Injuries
Fractures and Bone Healing
Skeletal System Chapter 5.
Fractures and Bone Healing
Skeletal System Chapter 5.
Chapter 5 The Skeletal System
Bone Cells & Bone Development
The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue
The Skeletal System Chapter 5 – Part 1
Skeletal / Muscular System
October 21, 2017 Journal: What is the difference between a ball and socket joint and a hinge joint?
The Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems
The Skeletal, Muscular, and Nervous Systems
Fractures and Bone Healing
Bone Growth, Diseases, and Fractures
Bone Growth, Diseases, and Fractures
Anatomy and Physiology I Unit 7: The Skeletal System
Skeletal System Functions: Supports the body, protects organs, site of blood cell formation Components: Bones, joints, ligaments.
Presentation transcript:

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 43 Disorders of the Skeletal System: Trauma, Infections, Neoplasms, and Childhood Disorders

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Common Joint Injuries Injuries to muscles: strains Injuries to ligaments: sprains, ruptures Injuries to tendons: rotator cuff injuries Injuries to bone surfaces –Joint dislocations –Patellar dislocation –Loose bodies –Meniscus injuries –Chondromalacia

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Common Joint Injuries (cont.) Rotator cuff injuries –Clavicle fractures –Dislocations –Bursa damage –Torn tendons Hip injuries –Dislocation –Fracture

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Knee Injuries Meniscus injury Patellar dislocation Chondromalacia

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false. Chondromalacia is the most common type of knee injury.

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False The most common knee injuries are tear of the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament), caused by hyperextension, and damage to the meniscus.

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Fractures Transverse Oblique Spiral Comminuted Segmental Butterfly Impacted

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Bone Healing Hematoma forms and fibrin network fills it Cells grow along fibrin meshwork to form new tissue Calcium salts deposited in new tissue New tissue remodeled into normal shape

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Which of the following represents the correct sequence of bone healing? a.Hematoma – cartilage – bone b.Hematome – elastin – fibrocartilage c.Cartilage – spongy bone – compact bone d.Hemangioma – spongy bone – compact bone

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer a.Hematoma – cartilage – bone Following a fracture, a hematoma forms; collagen and cartilage are deposited (soft callus); bone tissue is ossified (hard callus).

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Complications Resulting from Soft Tissue Injury Skin injury: fracture blisters Muscle injury and swelling: compartment syndrome Nerve injury: reflex sympathetic dystrophy Adipose tissue or bone marrow: fat emboli

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Osteomyelitis Infection of bone –Direct contamination –Contamination through blood (hematogenous) ºMiliary tuberculosis –Contamination from skin lesions

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Hematogenous Osteomyelitis In children: –Affects long bones –Purulent exudate inside bone –Damages arteries to bone –May penetrate skin or involve joints In adults: –In vertebrae, sternoclavicular and sacroiliac joints, or pubic symphysis –Tends to affect joint space

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chronic Osteomyelitis Areas of dead bone develop (S) Are surrounded by new bone (IV)

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Osteonecrosis Caused by ischemia to bone due to: –Bone injury –Thrombosis or embolism –Vessel injury –Compartment syndrome inside bone (increased intraosseous pressure) –Corticosteroid associated

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Which type of bone disorder is associated with thrombus formation or embolus? a.Hematogenous osteomyelitis b.Chronic osteomyelitis c.Osteonecrosis d.Osteoinfarction

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer c.Osteonecrosis Bone has an extensive blood supply (remember, it can’t rely on diffusion of nutrients and gases like cartilage can). When blood flow to an area of osseous tissue is disrupted because of a clot/thrombus or an embolus (a clot that has broken off and traveled), the tissue dies (necrosis).

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Benign Bone Tumors Osteoma: small bony tumor on bone surface Chondroma: tumor made of cartilage Osteochondroma: cartilage-capped tumor with bony stalk Osteoclastoma: giant cell tumor –May invade bone and cause bone destruction

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Malignant Bone Tumors Osteosarcoma –Most common primary malignant bone tumor –Tends to appear in areas with the fastest bone growth Ewing sarcoma Chondrosarcoma –Malignant tumor of cartilage Metastases –Most common malignancies found in bone

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Manifestations of Cancer Changes in organ function (organ damage, inflammation, and failure): pathologic fracture Local effects of tumors (e.g., compression of nerves or veins, stretching of periosteum): pain and weakness Nonspecific signs of tissue breakdown (e.g., protein wasting, bone breakdown): calcium release, hypercalcemia

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false. Bone cancer is more likely to result in the release of PTH than the release of calcitonin.

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False As bone tissue deteriorates/breaks down, calcium is released into the blood (hypercalcemia). The hormone released in response to hypercalcemia is calcitonin (it inhibits osteoclasts). PTH is released in response to hypocalcemia.

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Scenario Mr. K had lung cancer and received chemotherapy… He is suffering from chronic back pain and weakness, and he has trouble moving his hands and grasping heavy objects His blood calcium is elevated, and CT scans show lesions in his thoracic spine Question What are two possible explanations for his weakness?

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Variations in Normal Growth and Development Torsional deformities –In-toeing and out-toeing –Internal and external tibial torsion –Internal and external femoral torsion Genu varum and genu valgum

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Hereditary and Congenital Deformities Congenital dysplasia of the hip Foot deformities (clubfoot) –Talipes varus: foot inverted at heel –Talipes valgus: foot everted at heel –Talipes equinus: plantarflexion, toes lower than heel –Talipes calcaneus: dorsiflexion, heel below toes

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Abnormal Bone Formation Osteogenesis imperfecta –Mutations in genes for collagen Juvenile osteochondrosis –Osteonecrotic ºLocal degeneration of ossification centers followed by disordered regeneration –Abnormal ossification of cartilaginous tissue

Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Scoliosis Postural Structural –Congenital –Neuromuscular –Idiopathic