Analysing the Upper & Lower Limb Movement Studies Mvt Studies

Learning Outcomes Describe the function of the upper limb (UL) Use correct anatomical terminology to analyse an upper limb activity Describe the relationship between mobility and stability with respect to the upper limb Mvt Studies

Learning Outcomes Discuss the functions of the lower limb (LL) Identify the characteristics of normal gait Begin to analyse movement of the lower limb using the correct terminology Mvt Studies

Function of the Upper and Lower limbs In pairs list the functions of both the upper and lower limbs. What are the roles of the joints? Be prepared to feedback to the rest of the group. Mvt Studies

Function of the Upper Limb Mvt Studies

Why is stability necessary for mobility? Mvt Studies

Open v Closed Chain Movement Open Chain – free movementClosed Chain – hand fixed Mvt Studies

Classify the following Mvt Studies

1 Work proximal to distal in the case of limbs 2 Start at the head and work in a caudad direction in the case of whole body movement 3 Do not move on to the joint/part of the body below until you have completed analysing the one above 4 Be systematic!!

Mvt Studies The movement(s) that is/are occurring at each joint 2 The muscle group(s) responsible for the movement 3 The type of muscle work occurring – concentric, eccentric, isometric 4 Where in its range the muscle(s) is/are working 5 The planes and axes involved with each movement

Task 1 Reaching to pick something off a high shelf Analyse this task using the checklist. Mvt Studies

Task 2 Pick up a penny from the floor Use your checklist Mvt Studies

Task 3 Working in pairs demonstrate to your partner an upper limb activity for them to analyse – then swap roles Be prepared to analyse the movement for the rest of the class Mvt Studies

Definition of Gait ‘human gait is a constant play between loss and recovery of equilibrium and therefore a series of narrowly escaped catastrophes.’ (Stiendler 1955) Mvt Studies

Gait Terminology 1. cadence Number of steps per minute 2. Stride length Distance with successive foot-floor contacts of the same foot 3. Step length Distance between successive foot-floor contacts with opposite feet 4. Walking velocity of an able bodied individual 1.3m/s 5. Heel strike Initial contact of the leading limb with the floor 6. Toe off Loss of contact between toes and floor 7. String phase The limb moves in front of the stance limb 8. Push off Calf muscle contract to plantar flex the fore foot against the floor 9. Gait Cycle Period of time during which a complete sequence of events takes place e.g. heal strike continuing until the same heel strikes the floor again. Mvt Studies

Gait Cycle Period of time during which a complete sequence of events takes place e.g. heel strike continuing until the same heel strikes the floor again. (Carr and Shepherd 2003) Mvt Studies

Gait Cycle Mvt Studies

Task 4 Analyse the stance phase of gait Use your checklist Be prepared to feedback to the rest of the group Mvt Studies

Task 5 Analyse the swing phase of gait Use your posture checklist Be prepared to feedback to the rest of the group Mvt Studies

Remember! Although we have concentrated on analysis of the LL, gait involves the co-ordination of movements of the whole body. Try walking without moving your trunk or upper limbs. Mvt Studies

Task 6 Analyse the lower limb during: ▫Single leg hop ▫Use your posture checklist What happens to the trunk during this movement? Mvt Studies

Remember! The ability to balance is an integral part of both walking and sit ↔ st. Mvt Studies

And don’t forget: Always analyse what you see, your models may move in very different ways. Mvt Studies

Make sure you are happy the learning outcomes have been met Mvt Studies

References Carr J and Shepherd R (2003). Stroke Rehabilitation. Butterworth-Heinemann, China. Trew M and Everett T (2003). Human Movement. Churchill Livingstone, London. Shumway-Cook A and Woollacott MH (2001). Motor control: theory and practical applications. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Maryland. Mvt Studies