Chapter 7 REVIEW

1. 2 divisions of the skeletal system Axial Skull Look at which ones are PAIRED General locations Sutures Ribs Sternum Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Appendicular Scapula Clavicle Humerus Ulna Radius Coxal Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsals Carpals

2. Definitions… Condyle – Smooth, rounded articular surface Fossa – Depression Meatus – Tunnel Spine – Very high ridge Tuberosity – Knob Whiplash – hyperextension of the cervical vertebrae

3. Anatomical names Big toe – Hallux Shinbone – Tibia Tailbone – Coccyx Kneecap – Patella Heel – Calcaneous Breastbone – Sternum Thumb – Pollux Jaw – Mandible Knuckles – Metacarpals Finger - phalanges

3. Anatomical names Forehead – Frontal Collar bone – Clavicle Hip bone – Coxae (coxal) Shoulder blade – Scapula Elbow – Olecranon process Cheek bone - Zygomatic

4. Purpose of the Foramen magnum Large opening in the occipital bone Allows the exit of the spinal cord from the brain to the vertebrae

5. Sounds to the eardrum External auditory meatus

6. Hyoid bone Unpaired No direct bony attachment to the skull Instead, muscles and ligaments attach it to the skull Provides an attachment site for some tongue muscles

7. 5 sections of the vertebral column Cervical – neck Thoracic Lumbar – lower back Sacrum Coccyx - tailbone

8.2 cervical vertebrae 1st = Atlas 2nd = Axis Has the dens (little knob that allows you to turn your head side to side)

9. Distinguishing feature of thoracic Have long, thin spinous processes

10. Rib articulation The ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae

11. As one ages, how do we lose height… Lose bone density Loses cartilage mass of the intervertebral disks – becomes thinner and lose its elasticity

12. Distinguish… Lordosis – exaggerated curve of the lumbar and cervical vertebrae Kyphosis – Humpback, rounding of the back, slouching posture Scoliosis – Side to side (lateral) curve Spina bifida – spinal cord and vertebrae do not close before birth

13. 3 types of ribs True ribs – articulate with the sternum and the thoracic vertebrae False ribs – do not attach directly to the sternum, but the ribs above it Floating ribs – do not attach to the sternum

14. 3 parts of the sternum

15. Carpal bones Radius is on the same side as the thumb

15. Tarsal bones

16. Dislocated shoulder Injury to the joint between the humerus and scapula Ball and socket joint Humerus fits into the glenoid cavity

17. Name the following: ANATOMICAL POSITION Forearm Ankle joint Lateral bone – Radius (thumb side) Medial bone - Ulna Ankle joint Lateral side - Fibula Medial side - Tibia

18. Location of each Acetabulum – socket of the pelvis (femur attaches here) Obturator foramen – holes for nerves/muscles to pass in the coxa Ilium – uppermost bone of the pelvis Ischium – lower/back part of the pelvis Pubic – very bottom of the pelvis

18. Locations of each Talus – sits between the heel bone (calcaneous) and the tibia/fibula Coxal – hip bone Deltoid tuberosity – humerus; rough area for muscle attachment Greater trochanter – next to the head of the femur Lateral malleous – distal end of the fibula

19. Big toe and Thumb They both only have 2 bones Distal and proximal phalanges – NO MEDIAL