TEXAS HISTORY CH 18

A:B: American settlersSpanish explorers #1 Who first brought cattle to Texas (America)? C:D: European explorersIndians

B. Spanish explorers

A:B: Short, strong with big horns. Tall, muscled with big horns. #2 What were the characteristics of the cattle? C:D: Tall, rangy, hardy with six feet horns. Small, skinny with six feet horns.

C. Tall, rangy, with six feet horns.

A:B: To show the cow’s name. To show ownership. #3 Why were cattle first branded? C:D: To show the state.To show what kind of cow.

B. To show ownership

A:B: Spanish were fancy designs; Anglo Americans were initials. Spanish were large designs; Anglo Americans were small designs. #4 What did the brands of the Anglo Americans and the brands of the Spanish often represent? C:D: Spanish were large designs; Anglo Americans were initials. Spanish were large initials; Anglo Americans were small initials.

C. Spanish were large designs; Angelo Americans were initials.

A:B: Spanish and French vaqueros. Spanish and Mexican vaqueros. #5 From where did the origin of the cowboy come? C:D: French and Mexican vaqueros. Spanish and Indian vaqueros.

B. Spanish and Mexican vaqueros.

A:B: Horses, roping, chaps, saddles and Spanish terms for equipment and practices. Cows, roping, chaps, saddles and Spanish terms for equipment and practices. #6 What did the Anglos borrow from the vaqueros? C:D: Horses, cows, roping, chaps and Spanish terms for equipment and practices. Horses, roping, chaps, saddles and Indian terms for equipment and practices.

A. Horses, roping, chaps, saddles and Spanish terms for equipment and practices.

A:B: Lack of ranches.Lack of cowboys. #7 What was the major problem faced by Anglo ranchers? C:D: Lack of water.Lack of markets.

D. Lack of markets.

A:B: Hides and tallowHides and meat #8 Before the Civil War, for what were most cattle slaughtered? C:D: Meat and milkTallow and meat

A. Hides and tallow

A:B: Shoe Bar RanchKing Ranch #9 What did the old Spanish land grant Santa Gertrudis become C:D: XIT RanchChisholm Ranch

B. King Ranch

A:B: Herds roamed wild; price was $30 to $40 a head; railroads expanded, driving trails were lessoned. Herds roamed wild; prices dropped; railroads expanded’ driving trails were lessoned. #10 What changes made trail driving profitable after the Civil War? C:D: Herds roamed wild; price we $30 to $40 a head; railroads and driving trails were expensive. Herds roamed wild; price was $30 to $40 a head; railroads expanded, driving trails were economical.

D. Herds roamed wild; price was $30 to $40 a head; railroads expanded, driving trails were economical.

A:B: Herds not passing through their state. Herds helping pave trails. #11 What were Missouri farmers unhappy about? C:D: Herds destroyed crops. Herds were used to plant crops.

C. Herds destroyed crops.

A:B: Blocked trails by building fences and barricades. Blocked trails with cattle and barricades. #12 What did the Missouri farmers do about the problem of herds destroying crops? C:D: Blocked trails by fences and cattle. Blocked rivers by fences and barricades.

A. Blocked trails by building fences and barricades.

A:B: Find better fields.Find better markets. #13 Why were cattle drives begun? C:D: Find better water.Find better ranches.

B. Find better markets.

A:B: ChisholmGoodnight-Loving #14 What trail was between Texas and Missouri? C:D: SedaliaWaco

C. Sedalia

A:B: SedaliaGood-Loving #15 What trail was named after a Native American trail? C:D: McCoyChisholm

D. Chisholm

A:B: SedaliaGoodnight-Loving #16 What trail was used for moving cattle to New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming and Montana? C:D: ChisholmKing

B. Goodnight- Loving

A:B: Joseph G. MccoySanta Gertrudis #17 Who convinced the railroads and cattle drives to meet further west in order to avoid Missouri? C:D: Andy AdamsCharles Stringo

A. Joseph G. McCoy

A:B: Long days, dangers, stampedes, raids and lack of sleep or food. Long days, dangers, stampedes, raids and lack of sleep and cattle. #18 Why was trail driving difficult? C:D: Long days, dangers, stampedes, raids and lack of sleep or water. Long days, dangers, stampedes, raids and lack of sleep and trails.

C. Long days, dangers, stampedes, raids and lack of sleep and water.

A:B: Took care of cowboys.Took care of horses. #19 What was the job of the wrangler? C:D: Took care of cows.Took care of sheep.

B. Took care of horses.

A:B: Cattle prices fell, barbed wire fences, cattle left and railroads were built. Cattle prices fell, wood fences, cattle disease, and railroads were built. #20 Why did the cattle drives end shortly after 1885? C:D: Cattle prices increased, barbed wire fences, cattle disease, and railroads were built. Cattle prices fell, barbed wire fences, cattle disease, and railroads were built.

D. Cattle prices fell, barbed wire fences, cattle disease, and railroads were built.

A:B: Loss of cows and removal of Native Americans. Loss of buffalo and removal of Anglo Americans. #21 What opened the Panhandle and Great Plains of West Texas to ranching? C:D: Loss of cows and removal of Anglo Americans. Loss of buffalo and removal of Native Americans.

D. Loss of buffalo and removal of Native Americans.

A:B: Shetland PoniesMustangs #22 What were the small hardy horses of the westerns plains that descended from horses brought by the Spanish? C:D: Miniature HorsesMules

B. Mustangs

A:B: King RanchXIT Ranch #23 What ranch was founded by Thomas Bugbee? C:D: Shoe Bar RanchWaggoner Ranch

C. Shoe Bar Ranch

A:B: Growing demand for wool. Decrease demand for cotton. #24 Why did sheep ranching increase after the Civil War? C:D: Growing demand for meat. Decrease demand for hides.

A. Growing demand for wool.

A:B: Sheep ate the grass too short, ruining ranges; and trampled cattle. Sheep ate the grass too short, ruining ranges; and trampled crops. #25 Why did sheep ranchers face the hostility of cattle ranchers and farmers? C:D: Sheep ate the grass too short, ruining the woods; and trampled crops. Sheep ate the grass too short, ruining cattle; and trampled herds.

B. Sheep ate the grass too short, ruining the range; trampled crops.

A:B: Barbed ropeBarbed wire #26 What invention contributed to the end of the open range? C:D: Barbed woodBarbed ranges

B. Barbed wire

A:B: Irrigation Windmills #27 What happened to make fenced pastures possible? C:D: GrassDrougt

B. Windmills

A:B: Surplus cattle; over population, blizzards, drought. Surplus cattle; overgrazing, heavy rains and drought. #28 Why did the ranching industry begin to decline in the 1880’s? C:D: Surplus cattle; over grazing, blizzards, and drought. Surplus cattle; overgrazing, blizzards and heavy rains.

C. Surplus cattle; overgrazing, blizzards and drought.

A:B: Ranches of Northwest Texas Ranches of North Texas #29 In what part of Texas were most Mexican American vaqueros found? C:D: Ranches of Southwest Texas Ranches of South Texas

D. Ranches of South Texas

A:B: Plowing that leaves loose soil on top of the ground. Plowing that leaves hard soil on top of the ground. #30 What is dry farming? C:D: Plowing that leaves moist soil on top of the ground> Plowing that leaves dry soil on top of the ground.

A. Plowing that leaves loose soil on top of the ground.

A:B: Oats Cotton #31 What did most Texas farmers grow in the late 1800’s? C:D: CornWheat

B. Cotton

A:B: Unfamiliar with TX land; swarms of sheep and drought; competition from India and Egypt. Unfamiliar with TX land; swarms of grasshoppers and heavy rains; competition from India and Egypt. #32 What were some problems of Texas Farmers? C:D: Unfamiliar with TX land; swarms of grasshoppers and drought; competition from India and Egypt. Unfamiliar with TX and; swarms of grasshoppers and drought; competition from Europe and Egypt.

C. Unfamiliar with TX land; swarms of grasshoppers and drought; competition from India and Egypt.

A:B: Wagon Horseback #33 What was a cheap and efficient means of getting cotton to markets? C:D: MulesRailroad

D. Railroads

A:B: Replaced by many small farms. Replaced by many freed slaves farms. #34 What happened to many of the plantations after the Civil War? C:D: Replaced by many tenant farms. Replaced by many large farms.

A. Replace by many small farms.

A:B: One-halfOne-third #35 In 1870 what fraction of farmers in Texas were tenant farmers? C:D: One-quarterOne-fourth

B. One-third

A:B: Many small tenant farms developed. Many small plantations developed. #36 Because farming required more people than ranching what began to develop? C:D: Many small towns developed. Many small markets developed.

C. Many small towns developed.

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