WARNING ! The system is either busy or has been unstable. You can wait and See if it becomes available again, or you can restart your computer. * Press any key to return to Windows and wait. * Press CTRL+ALT+DEL again to restart your computer. You will Lose unsaved information in any programs that are running. Press any key to continue.

Carl the Happy Chatter Group 4 Presents: But not for long…. Carl Morris Andrew Snyder Ken Nguyen Dec 4 2000 User Attacks

User Attacks What is it? An attack mounted against an end user of the Internet Goals of an attacker Obtain access to systems Eavesdrop on communications Aggravate and annoy a household user Cause damage! Anything to annoy an end user

Context of Discussion Not meant to apply to “computer geeks” Applies to average end user Attacks mounted easily by attackers with limited computer knowledge

Methods of choice Performed a search for phrases such as “How to find Windows NT passwords,” “Hacking into Computers” & “Easy Hacking” Used our own past experiences (world & class) Our own interests

We decided... The Big Three: Denial of Service (DoS) Packet Sniffing Back Orifice 2000

What is DoS? Attacker consumes limited resources on victim’s machine CPU time memory bandwidth

DoS Easy DoS Attack Ping Flooding Ping of Death WinNuke

Ping Flooding What is Ping Flooding? Sending huge amounts of ICMP Echo Requests Used legitimately to test your connection

Ping Flooding (cont.) Ping Flooding’s impact Ties up victim’s bandwidth Forces dialup users to disconnect May cause victim’s machine to crash

Ping Flooding (cont.) Ping Flooding is Hard! Need to know victim’s IP Easily obtained from ICQ, IRC, message forums, etc... Must type “ping destination_IP –t –l huge#”

Ping of Death What is Ping of Death? Carl receives a packet of illegal size Carl’s computer crashes 

Ping of Death (cont.) Ping of Death is also very hard Must type “ping destination_IP –l 65550”

WinNuke What is WinNuke? Takes advantage of Window’s Out of Band (OOB) bug Carl receives a pointer that is invalid Carl’s computer crashes 

WinNuke WinNuke is also very hard

Protect yourself Ping of Death & WinNuke Get patches for your appropriate OS to prevent overflow/pointer error

Protect yourself Ping Flooding Sets computer not to echo back, cuts by 50% Call your ISP, or set up your own firewall Stop it before it start: Do not give out your IP!

What Is Packet Sniffing? Packet sniffing is eavesdropping on network traffic. It consists of capturing packets on the network and analyzing them to obtain information.

What Is in a Packet? Source and Destination (MAC) A packet can contain information ranging from web addresses to passwords. However, it is all in binary form, and requires a protocol analyzer to make sense of it all.

MAC Each Ethernet card contains a 48-bit identifier – Media Access Control The first 24 bits identify the vendor The last 24 bits identify the card To find out your MAC: Win9x – winipcfg.exe WinNT – ipconfig /all Linux – ifconfig

How Is Packet Sniffing Used? Packets are captured. -- Promiscuous mode Packets are analyzed. -- Protocol analyzer (LanSleuth, Neptune, Ethereal)

Malicious Effects Websites Passwords Any unencrypted information sent over the network (Messages, Files)

Ease of Use Network Protocol Analyzers LanSleuth, Ethereal, Neptune, snoop Easy installation and configuration Some analyzers require administrative permissions

Examples Packet captured using Ethereal

Analyzing Packet entered into Ethereal Decode

Preventions Encrypt all transfers SSL – Secure Socket Language SSH – Secure Shell VPN – Virtual Private Networks

Detections In theory – impossible In practice – possible sometimes Stand-alone packet sniffers don’t transfer packets Non-standard generate traffic (DNS reverse lookups in order to find names associated with IP addresses)

Ping Method Send a request Nobody should respond Response --> Sniffer!

Packet Sniffing Re-visited Packets are “captured” on the network They are then analyzed - Passwords - Web sites Impossible to stop Difficult to detect

Back Orifice 2000 What is it? “The most powerful network administration tool available for the Microsoft environment” How is it used? An “administrator” creates a custom server file installs this server on the target machine connects to the target machine perform various functions

Back Orifice 2000 Malicious effects A malicious attacker can: Install the server on victim’s machine Take over computer Logging keystrokes Rebooting Viewing cached passwords the active screen etc Ease of use In the next few minutes, I will show you how to use BO2K

Back Orifice 2000 Create a server file…

Back Orifice 2000 Create a server file… (continued)

Back Orifice 2000 Time to connect

Back Orifice 2000 Some stuff…

Back Orifice 2000 Plugins Encryption (AES, IDEA, RC6, Serpent) Communications Server Enhancement Client Enhancement

Back Orifice 2000 BO Peep Plugin

Back Orifice 2000 BO Tools Plugin

Prevention Measures Umgr32.Exe anyone ? 1) Antivirus 2) firewall 3) don’t trust anyone 4) look for umgr32.Exe (or registry) on your computer 5) Microsoft: get a clue

Summary Many user attacks are so easy that even your mom could figure them out Some attacks can’t be protected against based on current network protocol and system architecture Microsoft needs to tighten up security on their products

Conclusion Are you safe? That kid next door could be screwing with you right now. You could be a victim of user attacks and not even know it. Practice online safety measures. You are not invincible: Don’t take security for granted

Questions