Turabian

One inch margins Right justified Normal indentations Double spaced except – endnotes, footnotes, block quotations, captions, long headings, and the Reference Page Basic Format:

Centered on the page – Name of university – Full title – Course/class information – Name – Date Does NOT get a page number! Title Page

Number every page of the body with Arabic Numerals – Place page numbers in the top center or flush right except Number preliminary pages with lowercase Roman Numerals – Title page, copyright, dedication, epigraph, and part titles number at least 3/4 th of an inch from the bottom in the center Pagination

What are footnotes? – Footnotes are a list of numbered reference information that appears at the bottom of each page Footnotes always begin on the page to which they refer However, sometimes they run over onto the following page. In this case use a continuation separator. – Each numbered footnote refers to a superscripted number ( 2 ) in the body of your paper. The superscripted number is placed after the cited material Starting off on the right “foot”notes

Separate body and footnotes with a short line, or separator. Single space each note Double space only between notes Begin each footnote on a new line Indent each footnote five spaces or use tab Sample footnotes Formatting Guidelines

Author’s First And Last Name, “Article Title,” Title of Book (City Published: Publisher, Year Published), page. For magazine and newspaper articles use quotation marks For titles of books, journals, magazines, and newspapers use italics Do not use a "p" or "pp" with page numbers, unless not using them will cause confusion Standard Format

Only put the FULL biographical information in the footnotes for the first reference; after that, there are several options: Multiple references to the same source

For subsequent references to the same work on the SAME page, use Ibid If only the page number changes, add a comma followed by the page number: Ibid, 58 Scenario 1: Ibid

For a subsequent reference to the same work, but not on the same page, use abbreviated biographical information. – Include the author’s last name, a shortened version of the title of the work, and the page number. Scenario 2: Abbreviations

When your text does not fill a whole page: – footnotes should follow the standard formatting, but insert the separator immediately following the text rather than at the bottom of the page Footnotes on a short page

Quotations – Basic format Periods and commas precede closing quotation marks, whether double or single. Block quotations – Block quotations are not enclosed in quotation marks and always start a new line. – Includes one or more note references that form part of the extract, the corresponding footnotes should be placed beneath the quotation, separated from the last line by an eight-space rule. The reference indexes and the footnotes should follow exactly the form used in the original. Whose line is it anyway? Dealing with quotations

Alphabetize by authors’ last names Use periods to separate parts First line not indented, but following lines have a hanging indent Unlike footnotes: – Do not use parentheses for location, publisher, and year Reference page

Format: Last Name, First Name. Title: Subtitle. City of Publication: Publisher, Year. Example: Franklin, John Hope. George Washington: A Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Books with one author

Format: Last Name 1, First Name 1, and First & Last Name 2. Title: Subtitle. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Example: Lynd, Robert, and Helen Lynd. Middleton: A Study In American Culture. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, Books with two or more authors

Format: Last Name, First Name. “Title of the Article.” Title of the Journal (Date of Publication): Page Numbers. Example: Jackson, Richard. “Running down the Up- Escalator: Regional Integrity in Papua New Guinea.” Australian Geographer 14 (May 1979) : Journal Articles

Format: Last Name, First Name. Title of Article. Publication Information. Article on-line. Available from Example: Flax, Rosabel. Guidelines for Teaching Math to K-12. Kansas City: Kansas Department of Education, Article on-line. Available from Electronic Sources

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