1 Interpersonal InterpersonalNon-Verbal

Most nonverbal behavior is not codified... a particular behavior can have many meanings... depending on the user’s personality, family influences, culture, the context of the communication, or, the relationship of the nonverbal behavior to the verbal message. Pg

 The words we use  Actions, vocal qualities, and activities that typically accompany a verbal message 3 Verbal Communication Nonverbal Communication

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93% of emotional meaning of messages is nonverbal. Mehrabian (1972)

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 Affective  Ambiguous  Continuous  Multi-channeled 14

Group Activity

 Substitute  Complement  Contradict 16 Verbal Communication

When nonverbal and verbal contradict, we tend to accept the nonverbal inference. 17

1. Facial expression and eye contact 2. Kinesics (body motion) 3. Proxemics and personal space 4. Artifacts 5. Touch (haptics) 6. Paralanguage 7. Chronemics (time) 8. Physical characteristics 18 Everything except the words! Everything except the words!

 Men & women have different nonverbal rules.  What can men do that women can not? (nonverbally)  What can women do that men can not? (nonverbally) 19

20 Mrs. Doubtfire

1. Emblems 2. Illustrators 3. Affect display 4. Regulators 5. Adaptors 6. Courtship readiness cues: 1. Preening behavior 2. Positional cues 3. Actions of appeal or invitation 21

 Nonverbal gestures that take the place of a word or phrase 22 Microsoft Photo

23 Illustrators Nonverbal gestures that complement what a speaker is saying Microsoft Photo

 Facial expressions and gestures that augment the verbal expression of feelings 24 Microsoft Photo

25 Regulators Facial expressions or gestures that are used to control or regulate the flow of a conversation Microsoft Photo

 Body motions that are used to relieve tension 26 Microsoft Photo

27 Is everyone awake?

28 5 Students have used up their 3 absences!

Smiling is one of a very limited number of “pancultural” nonverbal behaviors. Intensify Deintensify Neutralize Masking. 29

 Intensify – exaggerate our facial expressions to fit the situation, i.e. smiling at a wedding.  Deintensify – when we want to control or subdue an expression, when you found out you got into law school and your friend did not.  Neutralize – avoid showing any facial expressions to appear neutral, i.e. judges at a gymnastic event.  Masking – when you want to conceal our real emotion, i.e. when your significant other buys something and you want to conceal your anger by looking excited. 30

Activity

Example # 1Example # 2Example # 3 Mask Deintensify Neutralize Masking 32

Example # 1Example # 2 Masking Intensify Neutralize Deintensify 33

34 Of the face the eye communicates more than any other feature. “Our faces are the windows to the world.”

The majority of people in the United States and other Western cultures expect people to look them in the eye when communicating. 35 Microsoft Photo

Japanese direct their gaze to a position around the Adam’s apple. Chinese, Indonesians, and Mexicans lower their eyes as a sign of deference. Arabs look intently into others’ eyes showing keen interest. 36 Microsoft Photo

 Pitch  Volume  Rate  Quality 37 Vocal communication minus the words

 Touching and being touched are essential to a healthy life  Touch can communicate power, empathy, understanding 38 Microsoft Photo

 What message do you wish to send with your choice of clothing and personal grooming? 39 Microsoft Photo

 How do you dress? 1. Comfort & protection 2. Modesty 3. Cultural Display  What artifacts do you display? 40 Microsoft Photo

 How do we manage and react to others’ management of time duration activity punctuality 41 Microsoft Photo

42 Polychronic and monochronic variations of time exist within cultures. Should we ask polychronics to conform in the workplace?

 Our sense of smell is very personal.  Our sense of smell often dictates how we perceive others from different cultures.  Variations: Deodorants Soaps Perfumes Body lotions 43

 Intimate distance, up to 18”, is appropriate for private conversations between close friends.  Personal distance, from 18”- 4’, is the space in which casual conversation occurs.  Social distance, from 4’ – 12’, is where impersonal business such as job interviews is conducted.  Public distance is anything more than 12’ 44

 Your office  Your desk  A table in the cafeteria that you sit at regularly 45 Microsoft Photo

46 Yellow cheers and elevates moods Red excites and stimulates Blue comforts and soothes In some cultures black suggests mourning In some cultures white suggests purity

47 Nonverbal Signals Vary from culture to culture Microsoft Photo

 In the United States it is a symbol for good job  In Germany the number one  In Japan the number five  In Ghana an insult  In Malaysia the thumb is used to point rather than a finger 48 -Atlantic Committee for the Olympic Games

49 We need to monitor our own nonverbal communication and exercise care in interpreting that of others.

Independently read pages 125-6, “Nonverbal Expectancy Violation Theory.” Consider its implications. 50