1 Gospel of John 1:1912:5013:120:311:1-1821:1-25 Book of Signs Book of Glory ProloguePrologue EpilogueEpilogue

2 Gospel of John 1:1912:5013:120:311:1-1821:1-25 Book of Signs Book of Glory ProloguePrologue EpilogueEpilogue Climactic Movement to Cross/Resurrection Climax 20:24-31

3 Gospel of John 13: :31 21:1-25 Book of Glory 17:1-2618:1 20:31 Death and Resurrection Jesus’ Farewell Discourse 13:1 EpilogueEpilogue Last Supper 14:116:33 Priestly Prayer Jesus’ Departure; Spirit’s Arrival 19:4220:1 Arrest, Trial, and Death, Burial Resurr ection

4 Gospel of John

5 Prelude to the Passion in John 1.Events of the Passion are directly linked with Old Testament passages. The Passion took place “by the deliberate will and plan of God.” Thus, the early church searched the Scriptures not to find out support for the teaching they had already formulated but to find an explanation for the events themselves. Nota Bene Nota Bene. Passion must be linked directly to God’s plan in OT to insure a sense of continuity. Same plan, same God. Promise still intact.

6 Prelude to the Passion in John 2. Events of the Passion are directly linked to Words of Jesus Himself. fulfillment language Jesus’ words take on same authority as Words of Old Testament; fulfillment language 18:9; 18:32 His words are mingled with scripture, making them sound as coming from the same source, you can not distinguish one from another. 19:28 New Testament does not refer to itself as scripture; this is as close as it gets. (Remember John 2:22)

7 Prelude to the Passion in John 3. Events of the Passion are directly linked to prior events in the Gospel of John. 18:2  13:21 Judas’ betrayal 18:9  17:12; 6: :14  Words of Caiaphas (11:45-53) 18:27  Peter’s Denial 13:38 Passion and rest of John both need each other

8 Prelude to the Passion in John 4. Events of the Passion are directly linked with testimony of “Disciple”. Directly:19:35 The man who saw it has given testimony, and his testimony is true. He knows that he tells the truth, and he testifies so that you also may believe. Indirectly: thru narrative asides; 18:4, 5, 9, 40; 19:38 Summary Summary: Shaping of the Passion narrative in accordance with OT and events is an act of reflection/application. Trying to answer question: “What does this mean?”

9 Prelude to the Passion in John 5. Events “generally” are the same as Synoptics. Arrest Arrest (Mt of Olives, Coming of Judas) Trial Trial (Before Chief Priest, trial before Pilate) Execution Execution (With two other criminals, dividing and casting of lots for clothes, offering of wine)Death Burial Burial (By Joseph of Arimathea in tomb)

10 Prelude to the Passion in John 6. Events “specifically” are different from Synoptics. Arrest Arrest (No Gethsemane, no kiss by Judas) Trial(s) Real trial Trial(s) (Trial 1: Before High Priest but it’s Annas not Caiaphas, Peter does not come alone, and his denials are interspersed with Jesus’ trial before High Priest) Real trial was earlier (cf. 11:45-53) Trial 2: Extended conversation between Jesus and Pilate, innocence of Jesus. Execution Execution (Jesus bore own cross, inscription above cross, conversation with Mother and disciple, cries from the cross)

11 Problem in the Passion in John If the events are different, how Different? Problem of Chronology At what time At what time did this take place? Now it was the day of preparation for the Passover; it was about the sixth hour. And he said to the Jews, "Behold, your King!" John 19:14 And it was the third hour when they crucified Him. Mark 15:25 John 12:00 noonMark 9:00 a.m. Which Gospel is right?

12 Problem in the Passion in John If the events are different, how Different? Problem of Chronology At what time At what time did this take place? Beginning of solution: Cultural reminder 1. Cultural reminder: John wrote in a time of sundials and astronomical charts; time was always approx. Both were referring to morning, one at the beginning (Mark) one at the end (John). e.g. I say the term, “Saturday morning” What time is it? B iblical Interpretation 2. B iblical Interpretation, Let’s not press “literal” meaning over “logical” sense

13 Problem in the Passion in John If the events are different, how Different? Problem of Chronology On what day On what day did this take place? Then the Jews led Jesus from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman governor. By now it was early morning, and to avoid ceremonial uncleanness the Jews did not enter the palace; they wanted to be able to eat the Passover. John 18:28 Now it was the day of preparation for the Passover; it was about the sixth hour. John 19:14 The Jews therefore, because it was the day of preparation, so that the bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), asked Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away. John 19:31 Because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and since the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there. John 19:42

14 Problem in the Passion in John If the events are different, how Different? Problem of Chronology On what day On what day did this take place? It was just before the Passover Feast (pasca). Jesus knew that the time had come for him to leave this world and go to the Father. Having loved his own who were in the world, he now showed them the full extent of his love. 2 The evening meal (deipnon) was being served, and the devil had already prompted Judas Iscariot, son of Simon, to betray Jesus. John 13:1-2 Reading clues in John point that this meal/foot-washing is the same event as the Last Supper parallels in Matthew 26, Luke 22, Mark 14. (i.e., presence of Judas, Jesus’ prediction of betrayal, Judas’ departure, affirmation by Peter of unswerving loyalty, Jesus’ prediction of Peter’s denial)

15 Problem in the Passion in John If the events are different, how Different? Problem of Chronology On what day On what day did this take place? Compare Mark 14: And on the first day of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover lamb was being sacrificed, His disciples said to Him, "Where do You want us to go and prepare for You to eat the Passover?" (omit vv13-15) 16 And the disciples went out, and came to the city, and found it just as He had told them; and they prepared the Passover. 17 And when it was evening He came with the twelve. Describe the problem? Mark says the Last Supper was the evening of what day? John seems to says the crucifixion was on morning of what day?

16 Problem in the Passion in John If the events are different, how Different? Problem of Chronology What are the possible solutions What are the possible solutions? 1. The two accounts (John & Synoptics) can not be harmonized and John is preferred 2. The two accounts (John & Synoptics) can not be harmonized and Synoptics are preferred 3. Passover meal took place in Synoptics (Last Supper) and John does not contradict

17 Problem in the Passion in John If the events are different, how Different? Problem of Chronology What are the possible solutions What are the possible solutions? 3. Passover meal took place in Synoptics (Last Supper) and John does not contradict. ● Though there are clear connections between John 13 and the Passover meal told in Synoptics; possibly John’s meal is not the Last Supper but one earlier in the week? See temporal note of 12:1; and discordant comment in 14:31. John is probably not a single teaching but it took place over several days leading up to Passover/Good Friday. ●No sacramental discussion of meal as in M/M/L (bread/wine) In John, Jesus does not eat the Passover, He is the Passover (see 19:31-37; John the Baptist earlier words 1:29, 36)