ICSU- Freedom, Responsibility and Universality of Science Xubiao Peng Magnus Jobs Shakila Bint Reyaz José Pérez-Loya

What is Science? Gaining knowledge from research. From Wikipedia: A scientist, in a broad sense, is one engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge. In a more restricted sense, a scientist is an individual who uses the scientific method. [1] [1] Who is a scientist? 1. ^1. ^ Isaac Newton (1687, 1713, 1726). "[4] Rules for the study of natural philosophy", Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Third edition. The General Scholium containing the 4 rules follows Book 3, The System of the World. Reprinted on pages of I. Bernard Cohen and Anne Whitman's 1999 translation, University of California Press ISBN , 974 pages.Isaac Newtonnatural philosophyPhilosophiae Naturalis Principia MathematicaI. Bernard CohenUniversity of California PressISBN

Issues related to freedom and responsibilities of a Scientist Freedom of movement ( Article 13 Universal declaration of human rights.) Issues getting visas Freedom of Association (Scientific progress depends and improved by intermingling of different people from different countries.) Freedom of Expression and communication (One has the freedom to express freely.) Freedom of accessing data, information and research materials. (Problems in Open access, Reviewing process) Freedom of a Scientist

Issues related to freedom and responsibilities of a Scientist To conduct their work with honesty, sincerity and confidence. Publish their work with accurate, true and in reproducible way. Comparison with others work in adequate and considerate or acceptable way. Confidentiality should be maintained as required. Responsibilities To promote the science which gives advantages to the human life. To make necessary arrangements for discussions. To share knowledge and understanding. To avoid the hazards as from application of science. Social responsibilities of the scientific community.

Responsibilities as a Scientist and as an Employee Responsibility on science: Honest, integrity; accurate, orderly, timely, open On collaborations: Impartial, fair, respectful, considerate On society: Benefit the society and prevent the misuse of findings. As a Scientist: Competition in scientific discoveries Funding and contracts Confidentiality As an employee:

Controversial Statements

But the booklet very much dictates norms and codes, some of whom are clearly influenced by recent political events. Where could the booklet be considered to dictate norms? Where does it contradict itself? ” This booklet does not attempt to dictate new universal norms and codes. ICSU’s role is rather to provide an overall framework for reflection and debate.” p.2

Political truth? According to Who? At certain instances the ICSU defines a right/wrong side of issues which will never have a “right” or “wrong” side ” Good scientists seek and speak the truth, regardless of whether the subject is scientific and/or political.” p.7

Deliberate(?) misquote consfusing the right to access data/research and the right to share the avantages of said research Can all data be free? ” Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that, ‘everyone has the right to...share in scientific advancement and its benefits.’ Access to scientific data, information and research materials is essential for scientists and for those wishing to benefit from the products of science.” p.8

The correct decision depends on which groups intentions are considered “right”. Who decides? ”Indeed it can be argued that all scientists have a duty to expose fraudulent information and/or misconduct and that whistle-blowing will sometimes be necessary. ” p.11

Dangerous sentence? ” The ICSU vision (see page 4) also helps define the responsibilities of the global scientific community. Extrapolating from these, one can list various central aspects of the social responsibility of the scientific community as a whole, including: Responsibility to contribute to the wealth of shared human knowledge and experience … Concern for the greater common good” p.12